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Neuroimmune Pharmacology pp 621–642Cite as

The Neuroimmune System in Psychiatric Disorders

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Abstract

The term “neuroimmune system” emphasizes the fact that nervous and lymphoid tissues constitute a unified system that functions in the maintenance of homeostasis. The conventional division between the two systems has blurred, as well as the distinction between neuropeptides on the one hand, and immune cytokines on the other. Two lines of research have altered our perspective on neuroimmune interactions: (a) the identification of conventional neuropeptides and their receptors, especially those related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, in most lymphoid tissues, and (b) the large body of evidence that cytokines, historically associated with immune system communication, play vital roles in nervous function. The role of the HPA axis in coordinating responses to stressors, and the role of the immune system in mediating the “sickness” response, underscores this reciprocal relationship between the CNS and the immune system. In spite of this nascent state of knowledge, the evidence for hyper-reactivity of the HPA axis and the alterations in cytokine levels observed in both major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia serve as a foundation for further research establishing a causative relationship between alterations in immune system function and these debilitating psychiatric disorders.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Ross Hall 2530, Greeley, CO, 80639, USA

    Jonna M. Leyrer-Jackson, Gregory K. DeKrey & Mark P. Thomas

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  1. Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Tsuneya Ikezu

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA

    Howard E. Gendelman

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Leyrer-Jackson, J.M., DeKrey, G.K., Thomas, M.P. (2017). The Neuroimmune System in Psychiatric Disorders. In: Ikezu, T., Gendelman, H. (eds) Neuroimmune Pharmacology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44022-4_39

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