Abstract
Ocular manifestations may be the initial, presenting features of various neuro-immune and neuro-degenerative diseases. Ophthalmic involvement may present as orbital, intraocular or adnexal inflammation or as discrete lesions involving different components of the eye and may serve as the barometer for the severity of the underlying systemic diseases. Often, the lesions may present as an ophthalmic emergency, requiring aggressive therapy before the diagnosis can be confirmed. The clinician scientist must be vigilant and maintain a high level of suspicion in order to diagnose the condition early and institute prompt therapy. The ocular signs and symptoms may be associated with a constellation of neurological complaints. Therefore, an integrated approach with close collaboration among ophthalmologists, neurologists, internists and pathologists is required to ensure optimal patient care, preserving not only the vision but also the lives of the patients.
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Agarwal, A., Sepah, Y.J., Nguyen, Q.D. (2017). Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. In: Ikezu, T., Gendelman, H. (eds) Neuroimmune Pharmacology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44022-4_36
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