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Implementation Science: Translating Research into Practice for Sustained Impact

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Surgical Patient Care

Abstract

Implementation science is playing a crucial role in reducing research-to-policy and research-to-practice gaps with the ultimate intention of advancing human health. Implementation science is particularly relevant to surgical care to better understand, intervene, and prevent adverse effects such as injury or death. Over the past two decades, the political and policy drive to improve the safety and quality of surgical care through evidence-based interventions has flourished. In this chapter, we discuss the role of implementation science in promoting health through the use of evidence-based practices (EBP), particularly as it relates to surgical care. We first provide a general definition and description of implementation science that includes a presentation of frameworks for successful EBP implementation, consideration of organizational context in implementation, and the role of leadership for successful implementation. We then illustrate these concepts through the presentation of surgical checklist implementation. Challenges facing the field of implementation science, and future directions for implementation science, are discussed.

“…translational research refers to translating research into practice; ie, ensuring that new treatments and research knowledge actually reach the patients or populations for whom they are intended and are implemented correctly.”

—Woolf, SH. The meaning of translational research and why it matters. JAMA. 2008; 299(2), 211–213.

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Acknowledgements

Preparation of this chapter was supported by United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01MH072961 and R01DA038466 (PI: Aarons) and F32HS024192 (PI: Sklar). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIMH.

Dr. Sevdalis’ research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London at King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. NS is a member of King’s Improvement Science, which is part of the NIHR CLAHRC South London and comprises a specialist team of improvement scientists and senior researchers based at King’s College London. Its work is funded by King’s Health Partners (Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust), Guy’s and St Thomas’ Charity, the Maudsley Charity and the Health Foundation. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health.

Disclosure Statement: The authors are not aware of any affiliations, memberships, funding, or financial holdings that might be perceived as affecting the objectivity of this review. Sevdalis is the Director of London Safety & Training Solutions Ltd, which provides consultancy and advisory services on patient safety, quality improvement, and training to hospitals internationally.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive (0812), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0812, USA

    Gregory A. Aarons PhD

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA

    Marisa Sklar PhD

  3. Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, 02860, USA

    Marisa Sklar PhD

  4. Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, David Goldberg Centre (H2.05) De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK

    Nick Sevdalis BSc, MSc, PhD

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  1. Gregory A. Aarons PhD
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Correspondence to Gregory A. Aarons PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery Ascension Saint Agnes Hospital Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety & Quality, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Juan A. Sanchez

  2. Children’s Cardiomyopathy Foundation and Kyle John Rymiszewski Research Scholar, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

    Paul Barach

  3. Department of Surgery Center for Healthcare Studies Institute for Public Health and Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Julie K. Johnson

  4. Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Johns Hopkins All Children’s Heart Institute Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA

    Jeffrey P. Jacobs

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Aarons, G.A., Sklar, M., Sevdalis, N. (2017). Implementation Science: Translating Research into Practice for Sustained Impact. In: Sanchez, J., Barach, P., Johnson, J., Jacobs, J. (eds) Surgical Patient Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44010-1_18

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