Abstract
The umbilical deformities have many variations; however, no report has described categorical analysis and the selection of the proper umbilicoplasty method for each type. And conventional methods of umbilicoplasty often result in unnaturally wide, shallow, or facing upward/downward umbilical depression. To resolve these problems, I classified umbilical deformities into five types and devised three methods of umbilicoplasty. The defect of umbilicus is type 0, the low-grade protrusion is type I, the high-grade protrusion with wide base is type II, the high-grade protrusion with narrow base is type III, and the protrusion in depression is type IV. Method 1 with an S-shaped skin incision is adapted to type 0 and I, method 2 with fan-style flaps is adapted type II, and method 3 with dividing the umbilical protrusion is adapted type III and IV. Using the most suitable method, it is easy to create a natural, vertically long, and deep umbilical depression without conspicuous scars in all types of umbilical deformities.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Onizuka T, Kojima K. A new exomphalos repair. Japan J Plast Surg. 1968;11:221–4.
Onizuka T, Kojima K. Reconstruction of the navel. Japan J Plast Surg. 1970;13:248–54.
Hodgkinson DJ. Umbilicoplasty: conversion of “outie” to “Innie”. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1983;7:221–2.
Ricketts RR, Luck SR. Simultaneous umbilicoplasty and closure of small omphaloceles. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1983;157(6):573–4.
Matsuo K, Kondoh S, Hirose T. A simple technique for reconstruction of the umbilicus, using a conchal cartilage composite graft. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990;86:149–51.
Itoh Y, Arai K. Umbilical reconstruction using a cone-shaped flap. Ann Plast Surg. 1992;28:335–8.
De Lacerda DJ, Martins DM, Marques A, Brenda E, de Moura Andrews J. Umbilicoplasty for the abdomen with a thin adipose layer. Br J Plast Surg. 1994;47(5):386–7.
Onishi K, Yang YL, Maruyama Y. A new lunch box-type method in umbilical reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 1995;35:654–6.
Udagawa A, Ichinose M. Umbilicoplasty. Japan J Plast Surg. 1995;38:S207–12.
Yotsuyanagi T, Nihei Y, Sawada Y. A simple technique for reconstruction of the umbilicus, using two twisted flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102:2444–6.
Frigo E, Rettinger-Schimmerl S, Rokitansky AM. Umbilicoplasty in neonates with primary omphalocele closure. Pediatr Surg Int. 1999;15:523–4.
Kajikawa A, Ueda K, Suzuki Y, Ohkouchi M. A new umbilicoplasty for children: creating a longitudinal deep umbilical depression. Bri J Plast Surg. 2004;57:741–8.
Kajikawa A, Ueda K, Narushima M, Asato H, Kaji N. Umbilicoplasty for children: creating a longitudinal deep umbilical depression facing forward at the correct position. J Japan Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;25:788–96.
Kajikawa A, Ueda K, Sakaba T, Momiyama M, Katsuragi Y. Umbilicoplasty for types of umbilical deformities. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125:263e–4e.
Kajikawa A, Ueda K, Katsuragi Y, Kimura S, Hasegawa A. How to reconstruct a natural and deep umbilicus: three methods of umbilicoplasty for five types of umbilical deformities. Ann Plast Surg. 2012;6:610–5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kajikawa, A. (2017). How to Reconstruct a Natural and Deep Umbilicus for All Kinds of Umbilical Deformities: Three Methods of Umbilicoplasty for Five Types of Deformities. In: Shiffman, M. (eds) Pediatric Umbilical Reconstruction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43890-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43890-0_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43888-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43890-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)