Skip to main content

Measurements and Detectors

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 2606 Accesses

Abstract

XAFS spectra are measured in several modes such as transmission, fluorescence, and electron yield. Most of XAFS spectra are taken by using synchrotron radiation as an X-ray source, and the system may be set up by beamline scientists. But highly precise measurement is required to obtain reliable experimental results since EXAFS oscillation is very small especially at high k region.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This is to maximize the detection efficiency for the X-rays of interest and minimize it for its higher orders.

  2. 2.

    It is desirable to minimize the solid angle that the ion chambers see the sample so as to minimize the detected intensity of fluorescent X-rays from the reference sample.

  3. 3.

    The value changes with the composition of the fill gas.

  4. 4.

    It is sometimes called as “Lytle detector” according to the developer’s name.

  5. 5.

    It is also called as CRM (Count Rate Meter).

References

  1. Lu K, Stern EA (1983) Size effect of powdered sample on EXAFS amplitude. Nucl Instrum Methods 212:475–478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Jaklevic J, Kirby JA, Klein MP, Robertson AS, Brown GS, Eisenberger P (1977) Fluorescence detection of EXAFS: sensitivity enhancement for dilute species and thin films. Solid State Commun 23:679–682

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lytle FW, Greegor RB, Sandstrom DR, Marques EC, Wong J, Spiro CL, Huffman GP, Huggins FE (1984) Measurement of soft X-ray absorption spectra with a fluorescent ion chamber detector. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res 226:542–548

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cramer SP, Tench O, Yocum M, George GN (1988) A 13-element Ge detector for fluorescence XAFS. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A266:586–591

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kappen P, Tröger L, Materlik G, Reckleben C, Hansen K, Grundwaldt J, Clausen B (2002) Silicon drift detectors as tool for time-resolved fluorescence XAFS on low-concentrated samples in catalysis. J Synchrotron Rad 9:246–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ukibe M, Shiki S, Kitajima Y, Ohkubo M (2012) Soft X-ray detection performance of super conducting tunnel junction arrays with asymmetric tunnel junction layer structure. Jpn J Appl Phys 51:010115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Karanfil C, Bunker G, Newville M, Segre CU, Chapman D (2012) Quantitative performance measurements of bent crystal Laue analyzers for X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. J Synchrotron Rad 19:375–380

    Google Scholar 

  8. Goulon J, Tola P, Lemonnier M, Dexpert-Ghys J (1983) On a site-selective EXAFS experiment using optical emission. Chem Phys 78:347–356

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Emura S, Moriga T, Takizawa J, Nomura M, Baushspiess KR, Murata T, Harada K, Maeda H (1993) Optical-luminescence yield spectra produced by x-ray excitation. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 47:6918–6930

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Stragier H, Cross JO, Rehr JJ, Sorensen LB, Bouldin CE, Woicik JC (1992) Diffraction anomalous fine structure: a new structural technique. Phys Rev Lett 69:3064–3067

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Martens G, Rabe P (1980) The anomalous dispersion of the refractive index and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure at the K edge of Cu. J Phys C Solid State Phys 13:L913–918

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masaharu Nomura .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nomura, M. (2017). Measurements and Detectors. In: Iwasawa, Y., Asakura, K., Tada, M. (eds) XAFS Techniques for Catalysts, Nanomaterials, and Surfaces. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43866-5_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics