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Poverty in the United States pp 63–91Cite as

Chapter 5 Poverty, Personal Experiences of Violence, and Mental Health: Understanding Their Complex Intersections Among Low-Income Women

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Abstract

Low-income women face myriad challenges in maintaining good psychological well-being and receiving mental health treatment. Women living in poverty in the USA experience extremely high rates of mental illness, particularly depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with the general population. The stress of having highly constrained financial resources, as well as increased exposure to personal and neighborhood violence, leads to anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Studies suggest that the negative effects of exposure to personal violence and poverty may synergistically impair low-income women’s mental health. Furthermore, women’s roles, both traditionally and often in actuality, add to the stressors that women face, as they carry the primary responsibility for parenting and, increasingly, as primary breadwinners. This chapter reviews the literature demonstrating the intersection between having a low income, exposure to personal violence, and maintenance of psychological well-being. We then present qualitative and quantitative data from the HPTN 064 study demonstrating women’s lived experiences of these factors. This chapter also explores the role of resiliency in these women’s lives and ends with recommendations for enhancing mental health of low-income women.

“Oh God, I hate to talk about this …”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Carol E. Golin

  2. Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Carol E. Golin

  3. Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Carol E. Golin & Anna Dardick

  4. School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Oluwakemi Amola

  5. Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA

    Brooke Montgomery

  6. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Lauren Bishop & Lauren E. Owens

  7. The Miriam Hospital Joint Master of Social Work Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA

    Sharon Parker

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    Ann O'Leary

  2. Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Paula M. Frew

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Golin, C.E. et al. (2017). Chapter 5 Poverty, Personal Experiences of Violence, and Mental Health: Understanding Their Complex Intersections Among Low-Income Women. In: O'Leary, A., Frew, P. (eds) Poverty in the United States. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43833-7_5

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