Abstract
This chapter is devoted to exploring the risk factors associated with ITCM. Relying on empirical studies about child maltreatment and ITCM, this chapter highlights several risk factors of ITCM, including individual characteristics related to the parents (e.g., substance abuse, mental health, and early parenting) and child (e.g., disability), family circumstances (e.g., family structure, parenting skills, and intimate partner violence), and contextual factors (e.g., poverty, neighborhoods). This chapter discusses the complexity of risk and co-occurring factors and the challenges associated with the relationship between the factors and ITCM.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Afifi, T. O. (2007). Child abuse and adolescent parenting: Developing a theoretical model from an ecological perspective. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, and Trauma, 14(3), 89–105.
Appleyard, K., Berlin, L. J., Rosanbalm, K. D., & Dodge, K. A. (2011). Preventing early child maltreatment: Implications from a longitudinal study of maternal abuse history, substance use problems, and offspring victimization. Prevention Science, 12, 139e49.
Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C. H., Perry, B. D., et al. (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256(3), 174–186.
Aparicio, E. M., Gioia, D., & Pecukonis, E. V. (2016). “I can get through this and I will get through this”: The unfolding journey of teenage motherhood in and beyond foster care. Qualitative Social Work.
Aparicio, E., Pecukonis, E. V., & O’Neale, S. (2015). “The love that I was missing”: Exploring the lived experience of motherhood among teen mothers in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 51, 44–54.
Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998). The co-occurrence of spouse and physical child abuse: A review and appraisal. Journal of Family Psychology, 12(4), 578.
Baum, S., Ma, J., & Payea, K. (2010). Education Pays, 2010: The benefits of higher education for individuals and society. Trends in Higher Education Series: College Board Advocacy & Policy Center.
Bartlett, J., & Easterbrooks, M. (2012). Links between physical abuse in childhood and child neglect among adolescent mothers. Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 2164–2169.
Banyard, V. L., Williams, L. M., & Siegel, J. A. (2003). The impact of complex trauma and depression on parenting: An exploration of mediating risk and protective factors. Child maltreatment, 8(4), 334–349.
Bavolek, S. J. (2000). The Nurturing Parenting Programs. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Bavolek, S. J., & Keene, R. G. (1999). Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI-2) administration and development handbook. Park City, UT: Family Development Resources Inc.
Belsky, J. (1993). Etiology of child maltreatment: A developmental-ecological analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114(3), 413–434.
Belsky, J., Conger, R., & Capaldi, D. M. (2009). The intergenerational transmission of parenting: Introduction to the special section. Developmental Psychology, 45(5), 1201.
Ben-David, V., Jonson-Reid, M., Drake, B., & Kohl, P. (2015). The association between childhood maltreatment experiences and the onset of maltreatment perpetration in young adulthood controlling for proximal and distal factors. Child Abuse and Neglect, 46, 132–141.
Berger, L. M. (2004). Income, family structure, and child maltreatment risk. Children and Youth Services Review, 26(8), 725–748.
Berlin, L. J., Appleyard, K., & Dodge, K. A. (2011). Intergenerational continuity in child maltreatment: Mediating mechanisms and implications for prevention. Child Development, 82(1), 162–176.
Brown, G. R., & Anderson, B. (1991). Psychiatric morbidity in adult inpatients with childhood histories of sexual and physical abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 55–61.
Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J. G., & Salzinger, S. (1998). A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: Findings of a 17-year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22(11), 1065–1078.
Budd, K. S., Heilman, N. E., & Kane, D. (2000). Psychosocial correlates of child abuse potential in multiply disadvantaged adolescent mothers. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24(5), 611–625.
Chaffin, M., Kelleher, K., & Hollenberg, J. (1996). Onset of physical abuse and neglect: Psychiatric, substance abuse, and social risk factors from prospective community data. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20(3), 191–203.
Connelly, C. D., & Straus, M. A. (1992). Mother’s age and risk for physical abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 16(5), 709–718.
Conrad, B., Gross, D., Fogg, L., & Ruchala, P. (1992). Maternal confidence, knowledge, and quality of mother-toddler interactions: a preliminary study. Infant Mental Health Journal, 13(4), 353–362.
Coohey, C., & Braun, N. (1997). Toward an integrated framework for understanding child physical abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(11), 1081–1094.
Cort, N. A., Toth, S. L., Cerulli, C., & Rogosch, F. (2011). Maternal intergenerational transmission of childhood multitype maltreatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 20(1), 20–39.
Coulton, C. J., Crampton, D. S., Irwin, M., Spilsbury, J. C., & Korbin, J. E. (2007). How neighborhoods influence child maltreatment: A review of the literature and alternative pathways. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31(11), 1117–1142.
Daro, D., & McCurdy, K. (1992). Current trends in child abuse reporting and fatalities: The results of the 1991 annual fifty state survey. Working paper #808 (pp. 1–24). Chicago, IL7: National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse.
DiLillo, D., & Damashek, A. (2003). Parenting characteristics of women reporting a history of childhood sexual abuse. Child Maltreatment, 8(4), 319–333.
Dixon, L., Browne, K., & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2005a). Risk factors of parents abused as children: a mediational analysis of the intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment (Part I). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(1), 47–57.
Dixon, L., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., & Browne, K. (2005b). Attributions and behaviours of parents abused as children: A mediational analysis of the intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment (Part II). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(1), 58–68.
Dixon, L., Browne, K., & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2009). Patterns of risk and protective factors in the intergenerational cycle of maltreatment. Journal of Family Violence, 24(2), 111–122.
De Paul, J., & Guibert, M. (2008). Empathy and child neglect: A theoretical model. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32(11), 1063–1071.
de Paúl, J., Pérez-Albéniz, A., Guibert, M., Asla, N., & Ormaechea, A. (2008). Dispositional empathy in neglectful mothers and mothers at high risk for child physical abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(5), 670–684.
Dong, M., Anda, R. F., Dube, S. R., Giles, W. H., & Felitti, V. J. (2003). The relationship of exposure to childhood sexual abuse to other forms of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27(6), 625–639.
Drake, B., & Pandey, S. (1996). Understanding the relationship between neighborhood poverty and specific types of child maltreatment. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20(11), 1003–1018.
Dubowitz, H., Kim, J., Black, M. M., Weisbart, C., Semiatin, J., & Magder, L. S. (2011). Identifying children at high risk for a child maltreatment report. Child Abuse and Neglect, 35(2), 96–104.
Dukewich, T. L., Borkowski, J. G., & Whitman, T. L. (1996). Adolescent mothers and child abuse potential: An evaluation of risk factors. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20(11), 1031–1047.
Dworsky, A. (2015). Child welfare services involvement among the children of young parents in foster care. Child Abuse and Neglect, 45, 68–79.
Egeland, B., & Brunnquell, D. (1979). An at-risk approach to the study of child abuse: Some preliminary findings. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 18(2), 219–235.
Egeland, B., Jacobvitz, D., & Sroufe, L. A. (1988). Breaking the cycle of abuse. Child Development, 59 (4), 1080–1088.
Folsom, W. S., Christensen, M. L., Avery, L., & Moore, C. (2003). The co-occurrence of child abuse and domestic violence: An issue of service delivery for social service professionals. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 20(5), 375–387.
Frias-Armenta, M. (2002). Long-term effects of child punishment on Mexican women: A structural model. Child Abuse and Neglect, 26(4), 371–386.
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam.
Goodnow, J. J. (1988). Parents’ ideas, actions, and feelings: Models and methods from developmental and social psychology. Child Development, 59, 286–320.
Hibbard, R. A., & Desch, L. W. (2007). Maltreatment of children with disabilities. Pediatrics, 119(5), 1018–1025.
Hess, C. R., Teti, D. M., & Hussey-Gardner, B. (2004). Self-efficacy and parenting of high-risk infants: The moderating role of parent knowledge of infant development. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(4), 423–437.
Heyman, R. E., & Smith Slep, A. M. (2002). Do child abuse and interparental violence lead to adulthood family violence? Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(4), 864–870.
Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Huang, K. Y., Caughy, M. O. B., Genevro, J. L., & Miller, T. L. (2005). Maternal knowledge of child development and quality of parenting among White, African-American and Hispanic mothers. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 26(2), 149–170.
Hunter, R. S., Kilstrom, N., Kraybill, E. N., & Loda, F. (1978). Antecedents of child abuse and neglect in premature infants: A prospective study in a newborn intensive care unit. Pediatrics, 61(4), 629.
Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. (2014). New directions in child abuse and neglect research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Jaffee, S. R., Bowes, L., Ouellet-Morin, I., Fisher, H. L., Moffitt, T. E., Merrick, M. T., et al. (2013). Safe, stable, nurturing relationships break the intergenerational cycle of abuse: A prospective nationally representative cohort of children in the United Kingdom. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(4), S4–S10.
Kelley, M. L., Power, T. G., & Wimbush, D. D. (1992). Determinants of Disciplinary Practices in Low-Income Black Mothers. Child Development, 63(3), 573–582.
Kilpatrick, K. L. (2005). The parental empathy measure: a new approach to assessing child maltreatment risk. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(4), 608.
Kim, B., & Maguire-Jack, K. (2015). Community interaction and child maltreatment. Child Abuse and Neglect, 41, 146–157.
Kinard, E., & Klerman, L. V. (1980). Teenage parenting and child abuse: Are they related? American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 50(3), 481.
Kotch, J. B., Browne, D. C., Dufort, V., Winsor, J., & Catellier, D. (1999). Predicting child maltreatment in the first 4 years of life from characteristics assessed in the neonatal period. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23(4), 305–319.
Kotchick, B. A., & Forehand, R. (2002). Putting parenting in perspective: A discussion of the contextual factors that shape parenting practices. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 11(3), 255–269.
Lee, Y. (2009). Early motherhood and harsh parenting: The role of human, social, and cultural capital. Child Abuse and Neglect, 33(9), 625–637.
Lee, Y., & Guterman, N. B. (2010). Young mother–father dyads and maternal harsh parenting behavior. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34(11), 874–885.
Lee, B. J., & Goerge, R. M. (1999). Poverty, early childbearing, and child maltreatment: A multinomial analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 21(9), 755–780.
Leve, L. D., Khurana, A., & Reich, E. B. (2015). Intergenerational transmission of maltreatment: A multilevel examination. Development and Psychopathology, 27, 1429–1442.
Li, F., Godinet, M. T., & Arnsberger, P. (2011). Protective factors among families with children at risk of maltreatment: Follow up to early school years. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 139–148.
Leventhal, J. M., Egerter, S. A., & Murphy, J. M. (1984). Reassessment of the relationship of perinatal risk factors and child abuse. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 138(11), 1034–1039.
Locke, T. F., & Newcomb, M. D. (2003). Childhood maltreatment, parental alcohol/drug-related problems, and global parental dysfunction. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34, 73–79.
Lynch, M., & Cicchetti, D. Links between community violence and the family systems: Evidence from children’s feelings of relatedness and perceptions of parental behavior. Family Process, 41(3), 519-532.
Lynch, M. A., & Roberts, J. (1977). Predicting child abuse: Signs of bonding failure in the maternity hospital. British Medical Journal, 1(6061), 624–626.
MacMillan, H. L., Fleming, J. E., Streiner, D. L., Lin, E., Boyle, M. H., Jamieson, E., … & Beardslee, W. R. (2001). Childhood abuse and lifetime psychopathology in a community sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(11), 1878–1883.
Maguire-Jack, K. (2014). Multilevel investigation into the community context of child maltreatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 23(3), 229–248.
Mersky, J. P., Berger, L. M., Reynolds, A. J., & Gromoske, A. N. (2009). Risk factors for child and adolescent maltreatment: A longitudinal investigation of a cohort of inner-city youth. Child Maltreatment, 14(1), 73–88.
Moor, A., & Silvern, L. (2006). Identifying pathways linking child abuse to psychological outcome: The mediating role of perceived parental failure of empathy. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 6(4), 91–114.
Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2003). Preventing the intergenerational continuity of antisocial behaviour: Implications of partner violence. Early Prevention of Adult Antisocial Behaviour, 109–129.
Neppl, T. K., Conger, R. D., Scaramella, L. V., & Ontai, L. L. (2009). Intergenerational continuity in parenting behavior: Mediating pathways and child effects. Developmental Psychology, 45(5), 1241.
Pears, K. C., & Capaldi, D. M. (2001). Intergenerational transmission of abuse: A two-generational prospective study of an at-risk sample. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25(11), 1439–1461.
Putnam, S. P., Sanson, A. V., & Rothbart, M. K. (2002). Child temperament and parenting. Handbook of Parenting, 1, 255–277.
Radey, M., Schelbe, L., McWey, L. M., Holtrop, K., & Canto, A. I. (2016). “It’s really overwhelming”: Parent and service provider perspectives of parents aging out of foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 67, 1–10.
Renner, L., & Slack, K. S. (2006). Intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: Understanding intra- and intergenerational connections. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(6), 599–617.
Runyan, D. K., Hunter, W. M., Socolar, R. R., Amaya-Jackson, L., English, D., Landsverk, J., et al. (1998). Children who prosper in unfavorable environments: The relationship to social capital. Pediatrics, 101(1), 12–18.
Scaramella, L. V., & Conger, R. D. (2003). Intergenerational continuity of hostile parenting and its consequences: The moderating influence of children’s negative emotional reactivity. Social Development, 12(3), 420–439.
Sheppard, M. (1997). Double jeopardy: The link between child abuse and maternal depression in child and family social work. Child and Family Social Work, 2, 91–107.
Sidebotham, P., Heron, J., & ALSPAC Study Team. (2006). Child maltreatment in the “children of the nineties”: A cohort study of risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(5), 497–522.
Sidebotham, P., Golding, J., & ALSPAC Study Team. (2001). Child maltreatment in the “Children of the Nineties”: A longitudinal study of parental risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25(9), 1177–1200.
Smith, C. A., Ireland, T. O., Park, A., Elwyn, L., & Thornberry, T. P. (2011). Intergenerational continuities and discontinuities in intimate partner violence: A two-generation prospective study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 3720–3752.
Smith, J. A. S., & Adler, R. G. (1991). Children hospitalized with child abuse and neglect: A case-control study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 15(4), 437–445.
Skuse, D. H., Gill, D., Reilly, S., Wolke, D., & Lynch, M. A. (1995). Failure to thrive and the risk of child abuse: A prospective population survey. Journal of Medical Screening, 2(3), 145–149.
Stevens-Simon, C., Nelligan, D., & Kelly, L. (2001). Adolescents at risk for mistreating their children: Part II: A home-and clinic-based prevention program. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25(6), 753–769.
Straus, M. A. (1979). Family patterns and child abuse in a nationally representative American sample. Child Abuse and Neglect, 3(1), 213–225.
Tempel, L. R. (2007). Pathways to the clinician’s experience of empathy in engaging single mothers at risk for physical abuse of their children. Clinical Social Work Journal, 35(4), 257–265.
Thompson, R. (2006). Exploring the link between maternal history of childhood victimization and child risk of maltreatment. Journal of Trauma Practice, 5(2), 57–72.
Thornberry, T. P., & Henry, K. L. (2013). Intergenerational continuity in maltreatment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(4), 555–569.
Thornberry, T. P., Freeman-Gallant, A., Lizotte, A. J., Krohn, M. D., & Smith, C. A. (2003). Linked lives: The intergenerational transmission of antisocial behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(2), 171–184.
Valentino, K., Nuttall, A., Comas, M., Borkowski, J., & Akai, C. (2012). Intergenerational continuity of child abuse among adolescent mothers: Authoritarian parenting, community violence, and race. Child Maltreatment, 17, 172–181.
Walsh, C., MacMillan, H., & Jamieson, E. (2002). The relationship between parental psychiatric disorder and child physical and sexual abuse: Findings from the Ontario Health Supplement. Child Abuse and Neglect, 26(2), 11–22.
Widom, C. S., DuMont, K., & Czaja, S. J. (2007). A prospective investigation of major depressive disorder and comorbidity in abused and neglected children grown up. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(1), 49–56.
Widom, C. S., Czaja, S. J., & DuMont, K. A. (2015). Intergenerational transmission of child abuse and neglect: Real or detection bias? Science, 347(6229), 1480–1485.
Widom, C. S., Czaja, S., & Dutton, M. A. (2014). Child abuse and neglect and intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration: A prospective investigation. Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(4), 650–663.
Wiehe, V. R. (1997). Approaching child abuse treatment from the perspective of empathy. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(12), 1191–1204.
Whitson, M. L., Martinez, A., Ayala, C., & Kaufman, J. S. (2011). Predictors of parenting and infant outcomes for impoverished adolescent parents. Journal of Family Social Work, 14(4), 284–297.
Zielinski, D. S., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2006). Ecological influences on the sequelae of child maltreatment: A review of the literature. Child Maltreatment, 11(1), 49–62.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schelbe, L., Geiger, J.M. (2017). Risk Factors Associated with Intergenerational Transmission of Child Maltreatment. In: Intergenerational Transmission of Child Maltreatment. SpringerBriefs in Social Work. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43824-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43824-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43822-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43824-5
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)