Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Tuberculosis Infection and Nutrition

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nutrition and Health in a Developing World

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a globally prevalent disease and is inextricably linked with malnutrition. Malnutrition, involving macro- as well as micronutrient deficiencies increases the risk of contracting disease as well as the risk of developing active disease. It also results in worsened TB related outcomes, including cachexia and death. Social and economic factors, such as food insecurity, help promote malnutrition and TB infection, which then feeds into the vicious cycle of worsening access to nutrition and worsened TB outcomes. Children and pregnant or lactating women are more vulnerable to the dual effects of TB and malnutrition. The effects of malnutrition are further compounded in those co-infected with HIV and TB, with an even higher risk of morbidity and mortality compared to those with either disease alone. The cornerstone of mitigating the effects of disease and malnutrition are medical treatment for TB or TB/HIV and achieving adequate nutritional intake to achieve and maintain normal BMI, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Continued effort is required to expand treatment and nutritional care to all infected people to ensure that TB is truly controlled and no longer a health threat to the global community.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Tuberculosis Fact Sheet 2014 [internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; June 2014. Available from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/.

  2. Sinclair D, Abba K, Grobler L, Sudarsanam TD. Nutritional supplements for people being treated for active tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [internet]. 2011;11:1–76 [cited 2014 June]. Doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006086.pub3/pdf.

  3. Morton R. Phthisiologia: or A treatise of consumptions. 2 ed. London: W. and J. Innys; 1720.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cullen W. First lines of the practice of physic, vol. 4. Edinburgh: C. Elliot, and London: T. Cadell; 1786.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bodington G. Essay on the treatment of and cure of pulmonary consumption. London: Longmans and Company; 1840.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bryder L. Below the magic mountain: a social history of tuberculosis in twentieth-century Britain. Oxford: Claredon Press; 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rothman SM. Living in the shadow of death: tuberculosis and the social experience of illness in American history. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bennett JH. Treatise on the Oleum Jecoris Aselli, or Cod Liver Oil, as a therapeutic agent in certain forms of Gout, Rheumatism, and Scrofula, with cases. London: S. Highley; 1841.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Schütte D. Beobachtungen über den Nutzen des Berger Leberthrans (Oleum jecoris aselli, von Gadus Asellus L.). Archiv f. med. Erfahrung 1824;79–92 (German).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Williams CJB, Williams CT. Pulmonary consumption, its etiology, pathology, and treatment. 2nd ed. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.; 1889.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Taufflieb E. De l’huile de foie de morue et de son usage en médecine. Bull Trav Soc Med Prat Paris. 1852;45–135 (French).

    Google Scholar 

  12. McConkey M. The treatment of intestinal tuberculosis with codliver oil and tomato juice. Am Rev Tuberc. 1930;21:627–35.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Williams CJB, Williams CT. On the nature and treatment of pulmonary consumption. Lancet 1868;i:369–70, 403–4, 431–2, 552–4, 613–5, 711–3, 777–80; ii:3–4, 38–40, 107–9, 211–4.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Greenhow EH. On the employment of cod-liver oil in phthisis. With cases. Lancet 1854;ii:502–5, 542–5.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Galen. Librorum pars prima [-quinta] (5 volumes). Venetiis, in aedibus Aldi, et Andreae Asulani soceri, 1525.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tui C, Kuo NH, Schmidt L. The protein status in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1954;2:252–64.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pottenger FM Jr, Pottenger FM. Adequate diet in tuberculosis. Am. Rev. Tuberc. 1946;54(3):213–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Nutrition and Tuberculosis: A review of the literature and considerations for TB control programs [internet]. [place unknown]: USAID/Africa’s Health in 2010; 2008 [cited 2014 June]. Available from http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=fsn_fac.

  19. Lonnroth K, Williams BG, Cegielski P, Dye C. A consistent log-linear relationship between tuberculosis incidence and body mass index. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(1):149–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Tverdal A. Body mass index and incidence of tuberculosis. Eur J Res Dis. 1986;69(5):355–62.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Zachariah R, Spielmann MP, Harries AD, Salaniponi FM. Moderate to severe malnutrition in patients with tuberculosis is a risk factor associated with early death. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002;96(3):291–4.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Van Lettow M, Kumwenda JJ, Harrie AD, Whalen CC, Taha TE, Kumwenda N, et al. Malnutrition and the severity of lung disease in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in Malawi. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004;8(2):211–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kumar s, Dutt A, Hemraj S, Bhat S, Manipadybhima B. Phase angle measurement in healthy human subjects through bio-impedance analysis. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2012;15(6):1180–4.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Schaible UE, Kaufman SHE. Malnutrition and infection: complex mechanisms and global impacts. PLoS Med [internet]. 2007;4(5):e115 [cited 2014 June]. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1858706/.

  25. Khan A, Sterling TR, Reves R, Vernon A, Horsburgh CR. Lack of weight gain and relapse risk in a large tuberculosis treatment trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(3):344–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Krapp F, Veliz JC, Cornejo E, Gotuzzo E, Seas C. Bodyweight gain to predict treatment outcome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Peru. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008;12(10):1153–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Guenther CS, Ivers LC. Food insecurity and tuberculosis. In: Ivers LC, editor. Food insecurity and public health. 1st ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2015. P. 91-112.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Grede N, Claros JM, de Pee S, Bloem MW. Is there a need to mitigate the social and financial consequences of tuberculosis at the individual and household level? AIDS Behav. 2014;18:542–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Cegielski JP, McMurray DN. The relationship between malnutrition and tuberculosis: evidence from studies in humans and experimental animals. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004;8(3):286–98.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Mabedo T, Aukrust P, Berge RK, Lindtjorn B. Circulationg antioxidants and lipid peroxidation products in untreated tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(1):117–22.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Mugusi FM, Rusizoka O, Habib N, Fawzi W. Vitamin A status of patients presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis and asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003;7(8):804–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Ramachandran G, Santha T, Garg R, Baskaran D, Iliayas SA, Venkatesan P, et al. Vitamin A levels in sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in comparison with household contacts and healthy ‘normals’. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004;8(9):1130–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ramakrishnan K, Shenbagarathi R, Kavitha K, Uma A, Balasubramaniam R, Thirumalaikolundusubramanian P. Serum zinc and albumin levels in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without HIV. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008;61(3):202–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Vijayamalini M, Manoharan S. Lipid peroxidation, vitamins C, E and reduced glutathione levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Cell Biochem Funct. 2004;22(1):19–22.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Karyadi E, Schultink W, Nelwan RH, Gross R, Amin Z, Dolmans WM, et al. Poor micronutrient status of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Indonesia. J Nutr. 2000;130(12):2953–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kassu A, Yabutani T, Mahmud ZH, Mohammad A, Nguyen N, Huong BTM, et al. Alterations in serum levels of trace elements in tuberculosis and HIV infections. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60(5):580–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Prezzemolo T, Guggino G, La Manna MP, Di Liberto D, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Functional signatures of humad CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol [internet]. 2014;5:180 [cited 2014 June]. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001014/.

  38. Pelly TF, Santillan CF, Gilman RH, Cabrera LZ, Garcia E, Vidal C, et al. Tuberculosis skin testing, anergy and protein malnutrition in Peru. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2005;9(9):977–84.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Gupta KB, Gupta R, Atreja A, Verma M, Vishvkarma S. Tuberculosis and nutrition. Lung India. 2009;26(1):9–16.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Figueroa-Damian R, Arredondo-Garcia JL. Neonatal outcome of children born to women with tuberculosis. Arch Med Res. 2001;32(1):66–9.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kant S, Gupta H, Ahluwalia S. Significance of nutrition in pulmonary tuberculosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55:955–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Chang SW, Pan WS, Beltran DL, et al. Gut Hormones, appetite suppression and cachexia in patients with pulmonary TB. PLoS One [internet]. 2013;8(1):e54564 [cited 2014 June]. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3554726/.

  43. Semba RD, Darnton-Hill I, de Pee S. Addressing tuberculosis in the context of malnutrition and HIV coinfection. Food Nutr Bull. 2010;31:S345–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Nutritional care and support for patients with tuberculosis [internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013 [cited June 2015]. http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/nutcare_support_patients_with_tb/en/.

  45. Nutrition assessment, counselling and support for adolescents and adults living with HIV [internet]. New York: UNAIDS; 2014 [cited July 2015].

    Google Scholar 

  46. De Pee S, Grede N, Mehra D, Bloem MW. The enabling effect of food assistance in improving adherence and/or treatment completion for antiretroviral therapy and tuberculosis treatment: a literature review. AIDS Behav. 2014;18:531–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Martins N, Morris P, Kelly PM. Food incentives to improve completion of tuberculosis treatment: randomized controlled trial in Dili, Timor-Leste. BMJ [internet]. 2009;339:b4248 [cited 2014 June]. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767482/pdf/bmj.b4248.pdf.

  48. Paton NI, Chua YK, Earnest A, Chee CB. Randomized controlled trial of nutritional supplementation in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and wasting. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(2):460–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Chacano-Bedoya P, Ronnenberg AG. Vitamin D and tuberculosis. Nutr Rev. 2009;67(5):289–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Wejse C, Gomes VF, Rabna P, Gustafson P, Aaby P, Lisse IM, et al. Vitamin D as supplementary treatment for tuberculosis—a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179(9):843–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. De Voss JJ, Rutter K, Schroeder BG, Barry CE III. Iron acquisition and metabolism by mycobacteria. J Bacteriol. 1999;181(15):4443–51.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Boelaert JR, Vandecasteele SJ, Appelberg R, Gordeuk VR. The effect of the host’s iron status on tuberculosis. J Infect Dis. 2007;195(12):1745–53.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Alavi-Naini R, Moghtaderi A, Metanat M, Mohammadi M, Zabetian M. Factors associated with mortality in tuberculosis patients. J Res Med Sci. 2013;18(1):52–5.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Mupere E, Malone L, Zalwango S, Okwera A, Nsereko M, Tisch DJ, et al. Wasting among Uganda men with pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with linear regain in lean tissue mass during and after treatment in contrast to women with wasting who regain fat tissue mass: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:24.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Kennedy N, Ramsay A, Uiso L, Gutmann J, Ngowi FI, Gillespie SH. Nutritional status and weight gain in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1996;90(2):162–6.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Schwenk A, Hodgson L, Wright A, Ward LC, Rayner CF, Grubnic S, et al. Nutrient partitioning during treatment of tuberculosis: gain in body fat mass but not in protein mass. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79(6):1006–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Onwubalili JK. Malnutrition among tuberculosis patients in Harrow, England. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1988;42(4):363–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Jaganath D, Mupere E. Childhood tuberculosis and malnutrition. J Infect Dis. 2012;206(12):1809–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Mehta S, Mugusi FM, Bosch RJ, Aboud S, Chatterjee A, Finkelstein JL, et al. A randomized trial of multivitamin supplementation in children with tuberculosis in Tanzania. Nutr J [internet]. 2011;10:120 [cited 2014 June]. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229564/pdf/1475-2891-10-120.pdf.

  60. Loto OM, Awowole I. Tuberculosis in Pregnancy: A Review. J Pregnancy [internet]. 2011; 379271:1–7 [cited 2014 June]. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206367/pdf/JP2012-379271.pdf.

  61. Guideline: Calcium supplementation in pregnant women [internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013 [cited July 2015]. Available http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85120/1/9789241505376_eng.pdf.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, 56 Franklin Street, Waterbury, CT, 06706, USA

    Anupama Paranandi

  2. Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA

    Christine Wanke

Authors
  1. Anupama Paranandi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christine Wanke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anupama Paranandi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. World Food Programme , Rome, Italy

    Saskia de Pee

  2. School of Public Health, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Douglas Taren

  3. World Food Programme, Nutrition Division , Rome, Italy

    Martin W. Bloem

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Paranandi, A., Wanke, C. (2017). Tuberculosis Infection and Nutrition. In: de Pee, S., Taren, D., Bloem, M. (eds) Nutrition and Health in a Developing World . Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43739-2_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43739-2_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43737-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43739-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation