Abstract
Every company, large and small, impacted health in four main ways. First, through the healthfulness and safety of the products and services it sold. Second, through its attention to employee health and well-being in its work practices and benefits. Third, through contributions to the broader communities in which it operated. And, fourth, through the environmental impacts of its operations.
Reprinted with permission of Harvard Business School PublishingBuilding a Culture of Health, HBS No. 9-516-073This case was prepared by John A. Quelch and Emily C. Boudreau.Copyright © 2016 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College: all rights reserved.
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Notes
- 1.
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- 3.
For employees, businesses were required to withhold income taxes, withhold and pay Social Security and Medicare taxes, and pay unemployment tax on paid wages. Businesses did not have to withhold or pay taxes on payments to independent contractors, and they did not have to offer them benefits like health insurance, paid time off, or overtime. In effect, hiring independent contractors was often much less costly for employers than hiring employees.
- 4.
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- 6.
Mike Isaac and Natasha Singer, “California Says Uber Drive is Employee, not a Contractor,” The New York Times, June, 17, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/18/business/uber-contests-california-labor-ruling-that-says-drivers-should-be-employees.html, accessed October, 2015.
- 7.
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- 8.
Ibid.
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Jeanne Sahadi, “When an independent contractor is really an employee,” CNN Money, July, 16, 2015, http://money.cnn.com/2015/07/16/pf/independent-contractors-employees/, accessed October, 2015.
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Katy Steinmetz, “How Uber and Lyft Are Trying to Solve America’s Carpooling Problem,” Time, June 23,2015, http://time.com/3923031/uber-lyft-carpooling/, accessed April, 2016.
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Ibid.
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Ibid.
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- 14.
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- 16.
Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Howard Koh, Pamela Yatsko, “The State of U.S. Public Health: Challenges and Trends,” HBS No. 316-001 (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2015).
- 17.
Ibid.
- 18.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “CDC Global Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs),” CDC website, http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/healthprotection/ncd/, accessed May, 2016.
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- 24.
Ibid.
- 25.
Total health expenditure was the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covered the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation.
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- 31.
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Ibid.
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Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Howard Koh, Pamela Yatsko, “The State of U.S. Public Health: Challenges and Trends,” HBS No. 316-001 (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2015).
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Ibid.
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Ibid.
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- 51.
Ibid.
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Ibid.
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Ibid.
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Ibid.
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Ibid.
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Casewriter analysis.
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- 96.
Corporate policies related to the environment, employees, community, products, and customers.
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Ibid.
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John Browne with Robin Nuttal and Tommy Stadlen, “Connect: How Companies Succeed by Engaging Radically with Society,” Virgin Digital, September 10, 2015.
- 104.
Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer, “Creating Shared Value: How to reinvest capitalism—and unleash a wave of innovation and growth,” Harvard Business Review January-February 2011, p. 6.
- 105.
Ibid.
- 106.
Patricia A. McDonald, Robert S. Mecklenburg, and Lindsay A. Martin, “The Employer-Led Health Care Revolution,” Harvard Business Review July–August 2015.
- 107.
Ibid.
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Quelch, J.A., Boudreau, E.C. (2016). Building a Culture of Health. In: Building a Culture of Health. SpringerBriefs in Public Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43723-1_1
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