Abstract
Social inclusion and inclusive innovation practices are being implemented in university strategies and routines in various ways considering historical, cultural, socio-economic and other factors. This chapter deals with the current state of the universities’ inclusive function in Russia, its origins and prospects. It represents the inclusive activity as an outcome of the national and local top-down policies combined with universities’ bottom-up initiatives. To clarify the path dependency it also describes respective particularities of the Russian higher education system vis-à-vis internationally recognised concepts and models. Finally, a study of particular cases provides an evidence for a preliminary classification of university’s practices and tools for social inclusion and inclusive innovation. In addition to practical cases the chapter provides relevant statistical data and structured legislation review.
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Notes
- 1.
‘The Concept of Long-Term Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation Until 2020’ was adopted by directive of the Government of the Russian Federation N 1662-r of November 17, 2008. http://economy.gov.ru/minec/activity/sections/fcp/rasp_2008_N1662_red_08.08.2009 (accessed 30 May, 2015). However it has almost immediately become irrelevant due to the global economic crisis of 2008.
- 2.
The ‘Presidential May decrees’ is a package of 12 official documents (Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation NN 594, 596–606, of May 7, 2012), setting a framework of goals and initiatives (programmes) aimed at modernisation and socio-economic development.
- 3.
The initiative was launched by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation ‘On the State Programme of the Russian Federation ‘Information Society (2011–2020)’ N 1815-r of October 20, 2010. http://www.rg.ru/2010/11/16/infobschestvo-site-dok.html (accessed 30 May, 2015).
- 4.
This Programme was adopted by the Statement of the Government of the Russian Federation ‘On Adoption of the State Programme of the Russian Federation ‘Information Society (2011–2020)’ N 313 of April 15, 2014. http://www.rg.ru/2014/04/24/inf-obschestvo-site-dok.html (accessed 30 May, 2015).
- 5.
The ‘Government Commission on the Use of Information Technology to Improve Quality of Life and Business Environment’ was formed by the Statement of the Government of the Russian Federation N 735 of August 26, 2013. http://www.rg.ru/2013/09/02/komissiya-site-dok.html (accessed 30 May, 2015).
- 6.
The Statement of the Government of the Moscow city ‘On Adoption of the Governmental Programme of the Moscow City ‘Information City (2012–2016)’ N 349-PP of August 9, 2011. http://dit.mos.ru/legislation/lawacts/588135/ (accessed 30 May, 2015).
- 7.
The Statement of the Government of the Russian Federation N 297 of April 15, 2014 ‘On Approval of the State Programme of the Russian Federation ‘Accessible Environment’ for 2011–2015’. http://www.rg.ru/2014/04/24/dostup-sreda-site-dok.html (accessed 30 May, 2015).
- 8.
These changes and amendments were applied in June 28, 2014, to The Federal Law ‘On Social Protection of the Disabled in the Russian Federation’ N 181-FZ of November 24, 1995. http://www.rg.ru/1995/11/24/invalidydok.html (accessed 30 May, 2015).
- 9.
These amendments to the ‘Tax Code of the Russian Federation (part I)’ N 146-FZ of July 31, 1998 (http://www.rg.ru/2007/03/12/nalog-kodeks.html (accessed 30 May, 2015)), and ‘Tax Code of the Russian Federation (part II)’ N 117-FZ of August 5, 2000 (http://www.rg.ru/2007/03/12/nalog-kodeks2.html (accessed 30 May, 2015)), were approved in June 28 and September 1, 2014, respectively.
- 10.
The Federal Law ‘On Education’ N 273-FZ of December 29, 2012. http://www.rg.ru/2012/12/30/obrazovaniedok.html (accessed 30 May, 2015). It was amended on July 21, 2014.
- 11.
More precisely, the amendments of June 25, 2014 to the Law of the Moscow City On Education for Individuals with Limited Abilities in the Moscow City N 16 of 28 April 2010. http://www.rg.ru/2014/07/16/moskva-zakon37reg-dok.html (accessed 30 May, 2015).
- 12.
The Law of the Moscow City ‘On Education for Individuals with Limited Abilities in the Moscow City’ N 16 of April 28, 2010 (edition by the Law N 37 of 25 June 2014). http://dogm.mos.ru/upload/iblock/91e/zm_16_07_04_1999_r14.pdf (accessed 30 May, 2015).
- 13.
According to outcomes of the monitoring project ‘The quality of HEI enrollment’ by Higher School of Economics. http://www.hse.ru/ege/second_section2013/about (accessed May 20, 2015).
- 14.
See footnote 1.
- 15.
Namely, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation N 599 of May 7, 2012 ‘On Measures to Implement State Policy in the Field of Education and Science’. http://www.rg.ru/2012/05/09/nauka-dok.html (accessed 30 May, 2015).
- 16.
For example, it prescribed increase in the total funding of public scientific foundations to 25 billion RUR (by 2018), growth of the GERD/GDP ratio to 1.77 % (by 2015), as well as the share of universities in the GERD up to 11.4 %. The document also implied boosting of Russia’s share in the number of international indexed scientific publications (in the Web of Science databases) to 2.44 % (by 2015).
- 17.
The Statement of the Government of the Russian federation N 295 of April 15, 2014 ‘On Approval of the State Programme of the Russian Federation ‘Education Development’ for 2013–2020’. http://www.rg.ru/2014/04/24/obrazovanie-site-dok.html (accessed 30 May, 2015).
- 18.
Outcomes of the Project ‘Monitoring of education markets and organizations (MEMO)’ (http://memo.hse.ru/en/) conducted by HSE Centre for Statistics and Monitoring of Education in 2013 http://issek.hse.ru/en/news/125141305.html (accessed May 27, 2015).
- 19.
The Agency for Strategic Initiatives (http://www.asi.ru) is the autonomous non-profit organisation established by the Government of Russia in 2011. Its objective is to promote projects, initiatives, and businesses in the social sphere.
- 20.
The Agency for Strategic Initiatives, press release from September 26, 2014. http://www.asi.ru/news/22267 (accessed May 30, 2015).
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Acknowledgments
The research leading to these results has received funding from the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics.
The financial support from the Government of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics and within the framework of a subsidy by the Russian Academic Excellence Project ‘5-100’ is gratefully acknowledged.
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Annex 1: Vulnerable Social Groups in Russia (Statistical Profile)
Annex 1: Vulnerable Social Groups in Russia (Statistical Profile)
Disabled Persons
Population with Income Below the Subsistence Minimum
Residents of the Far North and Other Remote Territories
Source: Rosstat (2014)
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Gokhberg, L., Poliakova, V., Zaichenko, S., Suslov, A. (2017). Universities as Actors of Inclusive Development in Russia. In: Brundenius, C., Göransson, B., Carvalho de Mello, J. (eds) Universities, Inclusive Development and Social Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43700-2_12
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