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The Brassica napus Genome pp 21–39Cite as

Cytogenetics, a Science Linking Genomics and Breeding: The Brassica Model

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Part of the book series: Compendium of Plant Genomes ((CPG))

Abstract

Earlier, classical cytogenetics played a key role in taxonomic studies through identification of chromosome number and morphology. Similarly, the first identifications of polyploid species, and the analysis of relationships between different species from interspecific hybrids, were based on the observation of chromosome pairing during metaphase I of meiosis. Cytogenetics subsequently got a boost with the development of mapping and of next-generation sequencing technologies, enabling the development of modern molecular cytogenetics. In this chapter, we present the major impacts of molecular cytogenetics: shedding new light on genome organization and evolution as well as regulation of meiosis in the economically important genus Brassica and the tribe Brassicaceae. First, we present how comparative chromosome painting (CCP) using pools of Arabidopsis thaliana BAC clones is used to establish genome organization in diploid and polyploid species in conjunction with genotyping and sequencing data. This method complements phylogenetic analyses in establishment of the common ancestral genome and in the description of the three differentially fractionated Brassica ancestral subgenomes. Secondly, intergenomic relationships can be determined by BAC-fluorescent in situ hybridization (BAC-FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH); these techniques allow identification of the different genomes and chromosomes to quantify homologous and non-homologous pairing in haploids and hybrids, identifying structural rearrangements within allopolyploid species and between genomes in interspecific hybrids. Thirdly, meiosis and meiotic recombination in Brassica napus and its close relatives can be studied using antibodies developed against Arabidopsis proteins. From all these data, we show how molecular cytogenetics is essential for our understanding of genetics and genomics in the genus Brassica and how cytogenetics will undoubtedly play a significant role in the times to come.

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Acknowledgements

M. A. L. was supported by a research grant from the Czech Science Foundation (P501/12/G090). ASM is supported by an Emmy Noether grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (MA 6473/1-1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, UMR1349 IGEPP, BP35327, 35653, Le Rheu, France

    Anne-Marie Chèvre & Olivier Coriton

  2. Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    Annaliese S. Mason

  3. Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France

    Laurie Grandont & Eric Jenczewski

  4. Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Martin A. Lysak

Authors
  1. Anne-Marie Chèvre
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  2. Annaliese S. Mason
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  3. Olivier Coriton
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  4. Laurie Grandont
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  5. Eric Jenczewski
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  6. Martin A. Lysak
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Correspondence to Anne-Marie Chèvre .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China

    Shengyi Liu

  2. Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

    Rod Snowdon

  3. Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Boulos Chalhoub

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Chèvre, AM., Mason, A.S., Coriton, O., Grandont, L., Jenczewski, E., Lysak, M.A. (2018). Cytogenetics, a Science Linking Genomics and Breeding: The Brassica Model. In: Liu, S., Snowdon, R., Chalhoub, B. (eds) The Brassica napus Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43694-4_2

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