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Microbial Enzymes in Bioconversions of Biomass pp 29–35Cite as

Cellobiohydrolases: Role, Mechanism, and Recent Developments

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Part of the book series: Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies ((BBT,volume 3))

Abstract

Cellobiohydrolases or exoglucanases are produced by various bacteria and fungi with catalytic modules belonging to families 5, 6, 7, 9, 48, and 74 glycoside hydrolases, which act at the chains end of cellulose resulting in release of glucose as well as cellobiose. The CBH I and II works processively from reducing and nonreducing ends of the cellulose chain, respectively. The catalytic module of CBHs is the tunnel structure formed by two surface loops that may covers entirety or part of active site evidenced that the mode of action proceeds in a processive manner as cellobiohydrolase progresses along the cellulose chain. CBHs are able to work actively in the crystalline region of cellulose, probably peeling them from the microcrystalline structure of Avicel. Although several assays have been proposed, no specific substrate as well as assay method to measure exoglucanases has been described till date. In recent days, several new approaches such as δ-sequence mediated integration, SCHEMA, and FoldX and a ‘consensus’ sequence have been developed to improve activity and stability of CBHs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1680, East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Neelamegam Annamalai

  2. Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama University, Jeppiar Nagar, Chennai, TN, 600119, India

    Mayavan Veeramuthu Rajeswari

  3. Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, PC 123, Muscat, Oman

    Neelamegam Annamalai & Nallusamy Sivakumar

Authors
  1. Neelamegam Annamalai
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  2. Mayavan Veeramuthu Rajeswari
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  3. Nallusamy Sivakumar
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Correspondence to Neelamegam Annamalai .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Vijai Kumar Gupta

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Annamalai, N., Rajeswari, M.V., Sivakumar, N. (2016). Cellobiohydrolases: Role, Mechanism, and Recent Developments. In: Gupta, V. (eds) Microbial Enzymes in Bioconversions of Biomass. Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies, vol 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43679-1_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43679-1_2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43677-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43679-1

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