Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Esophageal Replacement Surgery in Children

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The SAGES Manual of Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery

  • 1206 Accesses

Abstract

In patients with long-gap esophageal atresia, the native esophagus alone is not always sufficient to create esophageal continuity. While delayed primary anastomosis or traction techniques should be attempted first, the small bowel, stomach, or colon may ultimately be required to bridge the ends of the atretic esophagus.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Spitz L. Esophageal replacement surgery: past, present, and future. J Pediatr Surg. 1996;31:19–25. doi:10.1016/S0022-3468(96)90313-9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Sri Paran T, Decaluwe D, Corbally M, Puri P. Long-term results of delayed primary anastomosis for pure oEsophageal replacement surgery: a 27-year follow up. Pediatr Surg Int. 2007;23:647–51. doi:10.1007/s00383-007-1925-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Zani A, Cobellis G, Wolinska J, Chiu PPL, Pierro A. Preservation of native esophagus in infants with pure esophageal atresia has good long-term outcomes despite significant postoperative morbidity. Pediatr Surg Int. 2015:1–5. doi:10.1007/s00383-015-3821-x.

  4. Ein SH, Shandling B. Pure Esophageal replacement surgery: a 50-year review. J Pediatr Surg. 1994;29:1208–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ein SH, Shandling B, Heiss K. Pure Esophageal replacement surgery: outlook in the 1990s. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28:1147–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Boyle EM, Irwin ED, Foker JE. Primary repair of ultra-long-gap Esophageal replacement surgery: results without a lengthening procedure. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994;57:576–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Van der Zee DC, Gallo G, Tytgat SHA. Thoracoscopic traction technique in long gap Esophageal replacement surgery: entering a new era. Surg Endosc. 2015;29:3324–30. doi:10.1007/s00464-015-4091-3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Burjonrappa S, Thiboutot E, Castilloux J, St-Vil D. Type A Esophageal replacement surgery: a critical review of management strategies at a single center. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45:865–71. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.02.004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Loukogeorgakis SP, Pierro A. Replacement surgery for esophageal atresia. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2013;23:182–90. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1347915.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bagolan P, Iacobelli Bd BD, De Angelis P, di Abriola GF, Laviani R, Trucchi A, et al. Long gap esophageal atresia and esophageal replacement: moving toward a separation? J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39:1084–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Holland AJA, Ron O, Pierro A, Drake D, Curry JI, Kiely EM, et al. Surgical outcomes of esophageal atresia without fistula for 24 years at a single institution. J Pediatr Surg. 2009;44:1928–32. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.02.008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. von Allmen D, Wijnen RMH. Bridging the gap in the repair of long-gap Esophageal replacement surgery: still questions on diagnostics and treatment. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2015;25:312–7. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1562926.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Sfeir R, Michaud L, Salleron J, Gottrand F. Epidemiology of esophageal atresia. Dis Esophagus. 2013;26:354–5. doi:10.1111/dote.12051.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Manning PB. Long-gap esophageal atresia. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994;6:216–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bax KNMA, Roskott AMC, Van der Zee DC. Esophageal atresia without distal tracheoesophageal fistula: high incidence of proximal fistula. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:522–5. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.10.034.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Spitz L. Oesophageal atresia. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007;2:24. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-2-24.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Metzger R, Wachowiak R, Kluth D. Embryology of the early foregut. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2011;20:136–44. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2011.03.004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Possögel AK, Diez-Pardo JA, Morales C, Navarro C, Tovar JA. Embryology of esophageal atresia in the adriamycin rat model. J Pediatr Surg. 1998;33:606–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Langer JC, Hussain H, Khan A, Minkes RK, Gray D, Siegel M, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia using sonography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Pediatr Surg. 2001;36:804–7. doi:10.1053/jpsu.2001.22965.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Houben CH, Curry JI. Current status of prenatal diagnosis, operative management and outcome of esophageal atresia/tracheo-esophageal fistula. Prenat Diagn. 2008;28:667–75. doi:10.1002/pd.1938.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Chittmittrapap S, Spitz L, Kiely EM, Brereton RJ. Oesophageal atresia and associated anomalies. Arch Dis Child. 1989;64:364–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Liszewski MC, Bairdain S, Buonomo C, Jennings RW, Taylor GA. Imaging of long gap esophageal atresia and the Foker process: expected findings and complications. Pediatr Radiol. 2013;44:467–75. doi:10.1007/s00247-013-2847-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Cieri MV, Arnold GL, Torfs CP. Malrotation in conjunction with esophageal atresia/tracheo-esophageal fistula. Teratology. 1999;60:114–6. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199909)60:3<114::AID-TERA4>3.0.CO;2-M.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Upadhyay V, Hea CM, Matthews RD. OEsophageal replacement surgery: a handshake with malrotation. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2001;11:368–70. doi:10.1055/s-2001-19727.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Bax KMA. Jejunum for bridging long-gap esophageal atresia. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2009;18:34–9. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2008.10.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bowkett B, Beasley SW, Myers NA. The frequency, significance, and management of a right aortic arch in association with esophageal atresia. Pediatr Surg Int. 1999;15:28–31. doi:10.1007/s003830050505.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Wood JA, Carachi R. The right-sided aortic arch in children with oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2012;22:3–7. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1285906.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Atzori P, Iacobelli BD, Bottero S, Spirydakis J, Laviani R, Trucchi A, et al. Preoperative tracheobronchoscopy in newborns with Esophageal replacement surgery: does it matter? J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41:1054–7. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.01.074.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bax NMA, Van der Zee DC. Jejunal pedicle grafts for reconstruction of the esophagus in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:363–9. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.10.009.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Bairdain S, Foker JE, Smithers CJ, Hamilton TE, Labow BI, Baird CW, et al. Jejunal Interposition after Failed Esophageal Atresia Repair. J Am Coll Surg. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.001.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Aziz D, Schiller D, Gerstle JT, Ein SH, Langer JC. Can “long-gap” esophageal atresia be safely managed at home while awaiting anastomosis? J Pediatr Surg. 2003;38:705–8. doi:10.1016/jpsu.2003.50188.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Cusick EL, Batchelor AAG, Spicer RD. Development of a technique for jejunal interposition in long-gap esophageal atresia. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28:990–4. doi:10.1016/0022-3468(93)90499-B.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Tannuri U, Filho JGM, Maksoud JG. Esophagocoloplasty in children: surgical technique, with emphasis on the double blood supply to the interposed colon, and results. J Pediatr Surg. 1994;29:1434–8. doi:10.1016/0022-3468(94)90138-4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Cauchi JA, Buick RG, Gornall P, Simms MH, Parikh DH. Oesophageal substitution with free and pedicled jejunum: short- and long-term outcomes. Pediatr Surg Int. 2007;23:11–9. doi:10.1007/s00383-006-1770-0.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Saitua F, Madrid A, Capdeville F, Ferrada C, Herrera P. Pharyngo-esophageal reconstruction by free jejunal graft and microvascular anastomosis in a 10-year-old girl. J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39:e10–2. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2004.03.076.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Bax NMA, Rövekamp MH, Pull ter Gunne AJ, van der Zee DC. Early one-stage orthotopic jejunal pedicle-graft interposition in long-gap esophageal atresia. Pediatr Surg Int. 1994;9:483–5. doi:10.1007/BF00179446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Spitz L. Gastric transposition for oesophageal replacement. Pediatr Surg Int. 1996;11:218–20. doi:10.1007/BF00178420.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. St Peter SD, Ostlie DJ. Laparoscopic gastric transposition with cervical esophagogastric anastomosis for long gap pure esophageal atresia. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2010;20:103–6. doi:10.1089/lap.2008.0364.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Ng J, Loukogeorgakis SP, Pierro A, Kiely EM, De Coppi P, Cross K, et al. Comparison of minimally invasive and open gastric transposition in children. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2014;24:742–9. doi:10.1089/lap.2014.0079.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Parilli A, García W, Mejías JG, Galdón I, Contreras G. Laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy and gastric pull-up in long-gap Esophageal replacement surgery: description of the technique in our first 10 cases. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2013;23:949–54. doi:10.1089/lap.2013.0215.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Iwanaka T, Kawashima H, Tanabe Y, Aoki T. Laparoscopic gastric pull-up and thoracoscopic esophago-esophagostomy combined with intrathoracic fundoplication for long-gap pure esophageal atresia. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2011;21:973–8. doi:10.1089/lap.2011.0091.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Scharli AF. Esophageal reconstruction in very long atresias by elongation of the lesser curvature. Pediatr Surg Int. 1992;7:101–5. doi:10.1007/BF00183912.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. McCollum MO, Rangel SJ, Blair GK, Moss RL, Smith BM, Skarsgard ED. Primary reversed gastric tube reconstruction in long gap esophageal atresia. J Pediatr Surg. 2003;38:957–62. doi:10.1016/S0022-3468(03)00133-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Rao KLN, Menon P, Samujh R, Chowdhary SK, Mahajan JK. Fundal tube esophagoplasty for esophageal reconstruction in atresia. J Pediatr Surg. 2003;38:1723–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Beasley SW, Skinner AM. Modified Scharli technique for the very long gap esophageal atresia. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48:2351–3. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.08.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Borgnon J, Tounian P, Auber F, Larroquet M, Boeris Clemen F, Girardet JP, et al. Esophageal replacement in children by an isoperistaltic gastric tube: a 12-year experience. Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;20:829–33. doi:10.1007/s00383-004-1190-y.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Esteves E, Sousa-Filho HB, Watanabe S, Silva JF, Neto EC, da Costa AL. Laparoscopically assisted esophagectomy and colon interposition for esophageal replacement in children: preliminary results of a novel technique. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45:1053–60. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.01.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ortiz R, Galán AS, Martinez L, Dominguez E, Hernández F, Santamaria ML, et al. Tertiary surgery for complicated repair of esophageal atresia. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2015;25:20–6. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1386645.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Gallo G, Zwaveling S, Van der Zee DC, Bax KN, de Langen ZJ, Hulscher JBF. A two-center comparative study of gastric pull-up and jejunal interposition for long gap esophageal atresia. J Pediatr Surg. 2015;50:535–9. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.05.026.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Tannuri U, Maksoud-Filho JG, Tannuri ACA, Andrade W, Maksoud JG. Which is better for esophageal substitution in children, esophagocoloplasty or gastric transposition? A 27-year experience of a single center. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:500–4. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.10.042.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hunter CJ, Petrosyan M, Connelly ME, Ford HR, Nguyen NX. Repair of long-gap Esophageal replacement surgery: gastric conduits may improve outcome-a 20-year single center experience. Pediatr Surg Int. 2009;25:1087–91. doi:10.1007/s00383-009-2466-z.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Gallo G, Zwaveling S, Groen H, Van der Zee D, Hulscher J. Long-gap Esophageal replacement surgery: a meta-analysis of jejunal interposition, colon interposition, and gastric pull-up. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2012;22:420–5. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1331459.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Pedersen RN, Markøw S, Kruse-Andersen S, Qvist N, Hansen TP, Gerke O, et al. Esophageal replacement surgery: gastroesophageal functional follow-up in 5–15 year old children. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48:2487–95. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.07.019.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Surgery, Akron Children’s Hospital, 1 Perkins Square, Suite 7400, Akron, OH, 44308, USA

    Ian C. Glenn

  2. Pediatric Surgery, Akron Children’s Hospital, One Perkins Square, Akron, OH, 44308, USA

    Mark O. McCollum

  3. Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, 85090, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands

    David C. van der Zee

Authors
  1. Ian C. Glenn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mark O. McCollum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. David C. van der Zee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark O. McCollum .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Surgery, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

    Danielle S. Walsh

  2. Northeast Ohio Medical College Division of Pediatric Surgery, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA

    Todd A. Ponsky

  3. Division of Pediatric Surgery, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA

    Nicholas E. Bruns

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Glenn, I.C., McCollum, M.O., van der Zee, D.C. (2017). Esophageal Replacement Surgery in Children. In: Walsh, D., Ponsky, T., Bruns, N. (eds) The SAGES Manual of Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43642-5_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43642-5_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43640-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43642-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation