Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Late Entries into Care

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Clinical Practice at the Edge of Care

  • 397 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter considers challenges for clinical practice with adolescents at the edge of care, their families, and wider systems. The presenting needs and risks associated with this cohort are discussed, along with the relevance of psychological assessment and formulation, focusing on the domains of development, family life, and community context. Possibilities for direct and indirect clinical intervention, including lessons from research and developments in practice, are highlighted. These include multi-component, residential-based, and multi-professional approaches. A case example describes how ideas discussed can be applied to achieve better outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 24.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 32.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Action for Children. (2015). Impact Report 2015: Making their lives better: Now, tomorrow and every day. Retrieved from http://www.actionforchildren.org.uk

  • Asmussen, K., Doolan, M., & Scott, S. (2012). Intensive interventions suitable for children on the edge of care: Report and recommendations for social finance. London: Kings College, National Academy for Parenting Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barter, C., McCarry, M., Berridge, D., & Evans, K. (2009). Partner exploitation and violence in teenage intimate relationships. London: NSPCC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bevington, D., Fuggle, P., Fonagy, P., Target, M., & Asen, E. (2013). Innovations in practice: Adolescent mentalization-based integrative therapy (AMBIT): A new integrated approach to working with the most hard to reach adolescents with severe complex mental health needs. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 18(1), 46–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowyer, S., & Wilkinson, J. (2013). Evidence scope: Models of adolescent care provision. Dartington: Research in Practice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodie, I., Lanyon, C., & Forrester, D. (2009). Evaluation of an adolescent multi-agency support service (AMASS) Islington. Luton, UK: University of Bedfordshire, Child and Family Welfare Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, G. (1998). Clinical formulation. In A. S. Bellack & M. Hersen (Eds.), Comprehensive clinical psychology. Oxford: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byng-Hall, J. (1995). Creating a secure family base: Some implications of attachment theory for family therapy. Journal of Family Process, 34, 45–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, B., & McGoldrick, M. (2005). The expanded family life cycle: Individual, family and social perspectives. Boston: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christofides, S., Johnstone, L., & Musa, M. (2012). “Chipping in”: Clinical psychologists’ descriptions of their use of formulation in multidisciplinary team working. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 85, 424–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cockbain, E., Brayley, H., & Ashby, M. (2014). Not just a girl thing; A large-scale comparison of male and female users of child sexual exploitation services in the UK. London: University College London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darker, I. (2008). An analysis of offending by young people looked after by local authorities. Youth Justice, 8(2), 134–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De La Rue, L., & Espelage, D. L. (2014). Family and abuse characteristics of gang-involved, pressure to join, and non-gang involved girls. Psychology of Violence, 3, 253–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department for Education. (2014). Rethinking support for adolescents in or on the edge of care. London: Department for Education Children’s Social Care Innovation Programme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department for Education. (2015a). Children looked after in England including adoption: 2014 to 2015. Office of National Statistics National Statistics SFR 34/2015: 1 October 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department for Education. (2015b). Working together to safeguard children: A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. London: TSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, J., & Biehal, N. (2007). Young people on the edge of care: The use of respite placements. Heslington: University of York, Social Work Research and Development Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, J., Lee, J., Ellison, S., & Hicks, L. (2015). Supporting adolescents on the edge of care. The role of short term stays in residential care. An evidence scope. Action for Children Commissioned Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, E., Sturgess, W., O’Neill, T., & Wijedasa, D. (2015). Achieving successful returns from care: What makes reunification work? London: British Association for Adoption and Fostering (BAAF).

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., Turner, H., & Holt, M. (2009). Pathways to poly-victimisation. Child Maltreatment, 14(4), 316–329.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Firmin, C. (2015). Peer on peer abuse: Safeguarding implications of contextualising abuse between young people within social fields. Professional Doctorate Thesis, University of Bedfordshire.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, C. (2016). “It’s not on the radar”: The hidden diversity of children and young people at risk of sexual exploitation in England. Essex: Barnado’s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, S., & Ashmore, Z. (2014). Multisystemic therapy as an intervention for young people on the edge of care. British Journal of Social Work, 45(7), 1968–1984. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcu054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geurts, E., Boddy, J., Noom, M., & Knorth, E. (2012). Family centred residential care: The new reality? Child and Family Social Work, 17, 170–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hannon, C., Wood, C., & Bazalgette, L. (2010). In loco parentis. London: Demos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, E., & Holmes, D. (2014). Evidence scope: That difficult age: Developing a more effective response to risks in adolescence. Dartington: Research in Practice/ADCS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henggeler, S., Schoenwald, S., Borduin, C. M., Rowland, M. D., & Cunningham, P. (2009). Multisystemic therapy for antisocial behaviour in children and adolescents (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, K. G., Lui, C., & Hawkins, J. D. (2001). Early precursors of gang membership: A study of Seattle Youth. Washington, DC: Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile and Delinquency Prevention.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, D. (2005). Child abuse and neglect: Attachment, development and intervention. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Institute of Public Care. (2015) Hampshire County Council: Effective interventions and services for young people at the edge of care, rapid research review. Oxford Brookes University: IPC. Retrieved from http://ipc.brookes.ac.uk/publications/pdf/Rapid_Research_Review_relating_to_Edge_of_Care_July_2015.pdf

  • Jay, A. (2014) Independent inquiry into child sexual exploitation in Rotherham (1997–2013). Report commissioned by Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council. Retrieved from http://www.rotherham.gov.uk/downloads/file/1407/independent_inquiry_cse_in_rotherham

  • Johnstone, L., & Dallos, R. (2006). Formulation in psychology and psychotherapy: Making sense of people’s problems. Hove: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, R., Everson-Hock, E. S., Papaioannou, D., Guillaume, L., Goyder, E., Chilcott, J., et al. (2011). Factors associated with outcomes for looked-after children and young people: a correlates review of the literature. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37, 613–622.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonson-Reid, M., & Barth, R. P. (2000). From maltreatment report to juvenile incarceration: The role of child welfare services. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24, 505–520.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall-Tackett, K. (2002). The health effects of childhood abuse: Four pathways by which abuse can influence health. Child Abuse and Neglect, 26(6), 715–729.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leiper, R. (2006). Psychodynamic formulation. In L. Johnstone & R. Dallos (Eds.), Formulation in psychology and psychotherapy: Making sense of people’s problems. Hove: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lord, J., & Borthwick, S. (2014). Together or apart? Assessing siblings for permanent placement. London: British Association for Adoption and Fostering.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maitra, B. (2000). Giving due consideration to the family’s racial and cultural background. In P. Reder & C. Lucey (Eds.), Assessment of parenting; Psychiatric and psychological contributions. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, C. (2012). Social work and the “art of the relationship”: Parents’ perspectives on an intensive family support project. Child and Family Social Work, 17, 368–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A., Rathus, J. H., & Linehan, M. M. (2007). Dialectical behaviour therapy with suicidal adolescents. New York: Guildford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Children’s Bureau. (2013). Children on the edge of care: Topic briefing. Retrieved from http://www.ncb.org.uk/media/967542/corp_parenting2_children_on_the_edge_of_care_topic_briefing.pdf

  • Ofsted. (2011). Edging away from care: How services successfully prevent young people entering care. Retrieved May 14, 2016, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/how-services-prevent-young-people-entering-care-edging-away-from-care

  • Ofsted. (2013). Multi-agency children and young people’s partnership panel supporting youth crime reduction work in Hackney: London borough of hackney. Good practice example: Children and families services. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/supporting-youth-crime-reduction-work-in-hackney

  • Orbke, S., & Smith, H. (2013). A developmental framework for enhancing resiliency in adult survivors of childhood abuse. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 35(1), 46–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitts, J. (2013). Drifting into trouble: Sexual exploitation and gang affiliation. In M. Melrose & J. Pearce (Eds.), Critical perspectives on child sexual exploitation and related trafficking. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, A., & Budd, M. (2015). Developing safe and strong foundations: The DART framework. In A. Rogers, J. Harvey, & H. Law (Eds.), Young people in forensic mental health Settings: Psychological thinking and practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schofield, G., Biggart, L., Ward, E., & Larsson, B. (2015). Looked after children and offending: An exploration of risk, resilience and the role of social cognition. Children and Youth Services Review, 51, 125–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selekman, M. (2005). Pathways to change; Brief therapies with difficult adolescents. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sexton, T. L. (2010). Functional family therapy in clinical practice: An evidence-based treatment model for working With troubled adolescents. Hove: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, R., & Clarke, G. (2006). Power and parenting assessments: The intersecting levels of culture, race, class and gender. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 11(1), 9–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. (2016). Review of the Youth Justice System: An interim report of emerging findings. Ministry of Justice. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-the-youth-justice-system

  • Waddell, S., O’Connor, R.M., & Cordis Bright Consulting. (2015). Preventing gang and youth violence: Spotting signals of risk and supporting children and young people. Early Intervention Foundation.Retrieved from http://www.eif.org.uk/publication/preventing-gang-and-youth-violence/

  • Willis, G. M., & Ward, T. (2013). The good lives model. In L. A. Craig, L. Dixon, & T. A. Gannon (Eds.), What works in offender rehabilitation: An evidence-based approach to assessment and treatment. Oxford: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. London, UK

    Stella Christofides

Authors
  1. Stella Christofides
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. London, United Kingdom

    Laura Smith

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Christofides, S. (2016). Late Entries into Care. In: Smith, L. (eds) Clinical Practice at the Edge of Care. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43570-1_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation