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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pediatric Radiation Oncology

Part of the book series: Pediatric Oncology ((PEDIATRICO))

Abstract

Introduced in the early 1970s for treatment of aplastic anemia and leukemia, hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) offers treatment for a growing number of patients with complex hematologic malignancies, dysfunctional or absent immune systems, inherited or acquired marrow failure, and selected genetic disorders including hemoglobinopathies and inborn errors of metabolism. The procedure involves a preparative regimen for suppression of the patient’s immune system followed by infusion of hematopoietic progenitor cells. There are two major forms of HCT: allogeneic and autologous. In allogeneic transplant, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are obtained from related or unrelated donor source after administration of high-dose cytotoxic therapy. Because of immunologic differences between the donor and recipient, graft-versus-tumor (GVT) or graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect can occur. Autologous HCT involves exposing patients to myeloablative doses of cytotoxic therapy followed by infusion of the patient’s previously stored hematopoietic stem cells. Current pediatric indications for autologous transplant include patients with certain lymphomas, neuroblastoma, and brain tumors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Natia Esiashvili M.D.

  2. Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS #54, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA

    Michael A. Pulsipher M.D.

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  1. Natia Esiashvili M.D.
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Correspondence to Natia Esiashvili M.D. .

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  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

    Thomas E. Merchant

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Rolf-Dieter Kortmann

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Esiashvili, N., Pulsipher, M.A. (2018). Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. In: Merchant, T., Kortmann, RD. (eds) Pediatric Radiation Oncology. Pediatric Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43545-9_14

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