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Theoretical Overview

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High Jet Multiplicity Physics at the LHC

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Abstract

This chapter covers some of the basic theoretical concepts needed in the rest of the book. It is divided in four sections, three of which will cover the Standard Model of particle physics, and one which will explore one of the possible extensions of the model, supersymmetry. The first section introduces the particle content of the Standard Model, while the second one describes particle dynamics. The third section focuses on the theory of strong interactions. Finally, the fourth section discusses the need to go beyond the Standard Model and the theory of supersymmetry.

‘If I had a world of my own, everything would be nonsense. Nothing would be what it is, because everything would be what it isn’t.

And contrary wise, what is, it wouldn’t be.

And what it wouldn’t be, it would. You see?’

Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Gluons and quarks are sometimes referred to collectively as partons.

  2. 2.

    Laws of physics are said to be symmetric when they remain invariant under a certain transformation.

  3. 3.

    Note that in the full electroweak theory, the photon is actually a mix of \(SU(2)_L\) and \(U(1)_Y\) states.

  4. 4.

    The electric charge Q is related to the weak hypercharge Y and the weak isospin \(T_3\) by the relation \(Q=T_3+\frac{Y}{2}\).

  5. 5.

    Two chiral states are connected by a parity transformation. For massless particles, the chirality is equivalent to the physical helicity, which is defined as the projection of the spin onto the direction of the linear momentum. The left- and right-handed chiral states of a particle can be obtained by applying the projection operators \(P^{\overset{R}{L}}=\frac{1\pm \gamma _5}{2}\).

  6. 6.

    These are the electroweak gauge fields prior to electroweak symmetry breaking.

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  1. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Mireia Crispín Ortuzar

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Ortuzar, M.C. (2016). Theoretical Overview. In: High Jet Multiplicity Physics at the LHC. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43461-2_1

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