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Achieving Respiratory Health Equality pp 113–129Cite as

Obstructive Airway Diseases

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Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

Abstract

Health disparities in obstructive airway diseases (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) are both common and multifactorial. Differences in exposure to risk factors for obstructive airway diseases across demographic groups largely determine existing health disparities in airway diseases. Potential or known risk factors for health disparities in asthma or asthma morbidity include ethnic-specific genetic variation, low SES, environmental exposures (indoor pollutants and allergens, secondhand tobacco smoke, psychosocial stress, outdoor air pollution, and dietary habits), and obesity. Similarly, health disparities in COPD or COPD morbidity are or may be caused by differential patterns of exposure to cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke, ethnic-specific genetic variation, and occupational hazards. In patients with established asthma or COPD, barriers to care (including but not limited to lack of health insurance) can worsen disease morbidity. Future research studies should include sufficiently large numbers of well-characterized members of racial or ethnic minorities, while also accounting for the multifactorial nature of health disparities in airway diseases. In parallel with research efforts, culturally sensitive health policies are needed to ensure universal healthcare access, while also addressing other barriers to care (e.g., nonadherence with medications and low health literacy) in underserved and minority populations.

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Acknowledgments

Funding: Dr. Celedón’s contribution was funded by grants HL079966, HL117191, HL073373, and HL119952 from the US National Institutes of Health, and by The Heinz Endowments. Dr. Forno’s contribution was funded by grant HL125666 from the US NIH.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue Rangos #9130, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA

      Erick Forno MD, MPH & Juan Carlos Celedón MD, DrPH

    2. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

      Alejandro Díaz

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    1. Erick Forno MD, MPH
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    1. Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

      Juan Carlos Celedón

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    Forno, E., Díaz, A., Celedón, J.C. (2017). Obstructive Airway Diseases. In: Celedón, J. (eds) Achieving Respiratory Health Equality. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43447-6_10

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