Skip to main content

Chapter 1: What Has a Quarter Century of Post-Communism Taught Us About the Correlates of Democracy?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
A Quarter Century of Post-Communism Assessed
  • 667 Accesses

Abstract

The post-communist region furnishes students of democratization with a fertile field for investigation. Countries of the region span almost the entire spectrum of possible outcomes in terms of political regimes. Three decades ago, all of Eurasia and Eastern Europe slumbered in a hyper-authoritarian deep freeze. Now the region includes some of the world’s most open polities (e.g. Estonia) and some of its most closed (e.g. Uzbekistan), as well as everything in between. Empirical investigation suggests that several big background variables that are often considered drivers of democratization are indeed strongly associated with cross-national variation in regime outcomes in the region. But structure is not destiny; the performance of some countries contradicts the expectations raised by conventional theories.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Abrams, N. A., & Fish, M. S. (2015). Policies first, institutions second: Lessons from Estonia’s economic reforms. Post-Soviet Affairs, 31(6), 491–513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AlachonviÄŤ, A. (2015, August 26). How Russia’s subsidies save the Belarusian economy. Belarus Digest. http://belarusdigest.com/story/how-russias-subsidies-save-belarusian-economy-23118. Retrieved February 2016.

  • Babeck, W., Fish, S., Reichenbecher, Z. (2012). Rewriting a constitution: Georgia’s shift toward Europe. Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Brinks, D., & Coppedge, M. (2006). Diffusion is no illusion: neighbor emulation in the third wave of democracy. Comparative Political Studies, 39(4), 463–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunce, V. (2000). Comparative democratization: big and bounded generalizations. Comparative Political Studies, 33(6–7), 703–734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, L. (1992). Economic development and democracy reconsidered. American Behavioral Scientist, 35(4–5), 450–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrova, A., & Pridham, G. (2004). International actors and democracy promotion in Eastern Europe: the integration model and its limits. Democratization, 11(5), 91–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fish, M. S. (1995). Democracy from scratch: opposition and regime in the new Russian revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish, M. S. (1998). Mongolia: democracy without prerequisites. Journal of Democracy, 9(3), 127–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fish, M. S. (2005). Democracy derailed in Russia: the failure of open politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fish, M. S. (2006). Stronger legislatures, stronger democracies. Journal of Democracy, 17(1), 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fish, M. S. (2011). Are Muslims distinctive? A look at the evidence. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fish, M. S., & Wittenberg, J. (2009). Failed democratization. In C. W. Haerpfer, P. Bernhagen, R. F. Inglehart, C. Welzel (Eds.), Democratization (pp. 249–265). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, E. T. (2011, July 7). Reflections on Orthodoxy and the Construction of Civil Society and Democracy in Russia. Washington, DC: The Kennan Institute of the Woodrow Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/reflections-orthodoxy-and-the-construction-civil-society-and-democracyrussia. Retrieved January 2016.

  • Horowitz, D. L. (1996). Comparing democratic systems. In L. Diamond & M. F. Plattner (Eds.), The global resurgence of democracy (2nd ed., pp. 143–149). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huntington, S. P. (1991). The third wave: democratization in the late twentieth century. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huntington, S. P. (1996). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones Luong, P., & Weinthal, E. (2010). Oil is not a curse: ownership structure and institutions in Soviet successor states. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kopstein, J., & Reilly, D. A. (2000). Geographic diffusion and the transformation of the post-communist world. World Politics, 53(1), 1–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linz, J. J., & Valenzuela, A. (Eds.) (1994). The failure of presidential democracy in Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipset, S. M. (1981). Political man: the social bases of politics (Exp. ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipset, S. M. (1994). The social requisites of democracy revisited: 1993 presidential address. American Sociological Review, 59(1), 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lussier, D. N. (2016). Constraining Elites in Russia and Indonesia: Political Participation and Regime Survival. New York: Cambridge University Press

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lussier, D. N., & Fish, M. S. (2012). Indonesia: the benefits of civic engagement. Journal of Democracy, 23(1), 70–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mainwaring, S., & Shugart, M. S. (Eds.) (1997). Presidential democracy in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Møller, J. (2009). Post-communist regime change: a comparative study. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papanikolaou, A. (2012). The mystical as political: democracy and non-radical orthodoxy. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrovic, M. (2013). The democratic transition of post-communist Europe: in the shadow of post-communist differences and uneven Europeanization. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pop-Eleches, G. (2007). Historical legacies and post-communist regime change. Journal of Politics, 69(4), 908–926.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radelet, S. (2010). Emerging Africa: how seventeen countries are leading the way. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, M. L. (2013). The oil curse: how petroleum wealth shapes the development of nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuels, R. J. (2003) Machiavelli’s children: leaders and their legacies in Italy and Japan. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stepan, A., & Skach, C. (1993). Constitutional frameworks and democratic consolidation: parliamentarism versus presidentialism. World Politics, 46(1), 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varieties of Democracy. (2016). V-Dem data version 6. https://v-dem.net/en/data/data-version-6/. Retrieved February 2016.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Steven Fish .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fish, M.S. (2017). Chapter 1: What Has a Quarter Century of Post-Communism Taught Us About the Correlates of Democracy?. In: Fish, M., Gill, G., Petrovic, M. (eds) A Quarter Century of Post-Communism Assessed. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43437-7_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics