Abstract
Naturally pressurized, conventional gas deposits and unconventional gas deposits consisting of coalbed methane, tight gas, shale gas, and natural gas hydrate (NGH), are found in a wide range of geological physical systems. Each of these resources has particular petroleum systems, reservoir characteristics, and different potential hazards and opportunities for exploration and production that can be expressed as risk. Natural gas deposits of all types have some risks in common but some types of deposits have very different levels of risk. We propose metrics and compare and contrast natural gas deposits for a full range of relative conventional and special risks. We also compare risk factors for different energy resources, with particular attention to traditional fossil fuels and other sources of energy. NGH appears to have the lowest overall risk factors, with particularly low pollution and environmental risk, which suggests that NGH resources could safely supply natural gas even in environmentally fragile regions such as the Arctic Ocean.
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Max, M.D., Johnson, A.H. (2016). Energy Resource Risk Factors. In: Exploration and Production of Oceanic Natural Gas Hydrate. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43385-1_10
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