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Electrogastrography, Breath Tests, Ultrasonography, Transit Tests, and SmartPill

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Pediatric Neurogastroenterology

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Abstract

Electrogastrography (EGG) is a noninvasive test used to evaluate the gastric myoelectrical activity. It does not involve radiation and is not operator dependent, but has a main drawback that it can be affected by motion artifact. The current methodologies for electrogastrography are not well standardized. It is considered as an adjunct test in the evaluation of children with gastrointestinal functional and motility disorders rather than a substitute for transit (scintigraphy) or motility (antroduodenal manometry) studies. Breath test and transit studies with radiopaque markers are an attractive, noninvasive, inexpensive, and office-based alternative methods to conventional studies that measure gastric, intestinal, colonic, and whole gut transit (WGT). However, they have poor reproducibility in several clinical settings and posses multiple non-standardized methodologies. Ultrasonography, another noninvasive operator-dependent alternative method, can be used to evaluate gastric emptying of liquids, though it is significantly affected by some technicalities like obesity and the presence of air. The SmartPill, or wireless motility capsule, is a novel device that allows the simultaneous measurement of contractility and transit time of the whole gastrointestinal tract. Nonetheless, it has limitations: cost, required expertise, and more pediatric studies are needed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Ricardo A. Arbizu M.D. & Leonel Rodriguez M.D., M.S.

  2. Gastroenterology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, MUSC Children’s Hospital, 135 Rutledge Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA

    Ricardo A. Arbizu M.D.

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  1. Ricardo A. Arbizu M.D.
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  2. Leonel Rodriguez M.D., M.S.
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Correspondence to Leonel Rodriguez M.D., M.S. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada

    Christophe Faure

  2. Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

    Nikhil Thapar

  3. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Carlo Di Lorenzo

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Arbizu, R.A., Rodriguez, L. (2017). Electrogastrography, Breath Tests, Ultrasonography, Transit Tests, and SmartPill. In: Faure, C., Thapar, N., Di Lorenzo, C. (eds) Pediatric Neurogastroenterology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43268-7_15

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