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Corpus Luteum Regression and Early Pregnancy Maintenance in Pigs

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The Life Cycle of the Corpus Luteum

Abstract

Development of the porcine corpus luteum (CL) requires the initial preovulatory LH surge and support of many biologically active agents including tonic secretion of LH, ovarian steroids, growth factors, and prostaglandins. A lack of embryo presence in the uterus leads to CL regression, characterized by disrupted progesterone production (functional luteolysis) and further degeneration of luteal and endothelial cells (structural luteolysis) triggered by prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). The porcine CL expresses abundant levels of PGF2α receptors in the early and mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle but remains insensitive to a single treatment of exogenous PGF2α until about day 12 of the estrous cycle. The nature of porcine CL resistance to PGF2α remains unknown, and the mechanism of luteolytic sensitivity acquisition involves infiltration of immune cells into the CL. Former theories of luteolysis inhibition and maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig have proposed that possible mechanism for prevention of luteal regression is connected with a limited PGF2α supply to CL, evoked by its sequestering in the uterus. Later studies besides the increased synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by the conceptus and endometrium revealed simultaneously decreased expression of PGF2α synthesis enzymes. This chapter summarizes available knowledge on the porcine CL maintenance and regression and present our recent studies leading to a novel ‘two signal-switch’ hypothesis, based on the interplay of both PGF2α and PGE2 postreceptor signaling pathways. Several practical aspects of how to prolong and enhance CL function and improve pregnancy maintenance are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The recent authors’ studies (2014–2015) described in this chapter were supported by the State Committee for Scientific Research (grant no. 2011/01/B/NZ4/04970) and the National Centre for Research and Development (NR 12-0039-10) in Poland. We thank J. Murawska-Kempa for her cheerful assistance in typing the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms/Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland

    Adam J. Ziecik, Emilia Przygrodzka & Monika M. Kaczmarek

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  1. Adam J. Ziecik
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  2. Emilia Przygrodzka
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  3. Monika M. Kaczmarek
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Correspondence to Adam J. Ziecik .

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  1. The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Jerusalem, Israel

    Rina Meidan

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Ziecik, A.J., Przygrodzka, E., Kaczmarek, M.M. (2017). Corpus Luteum Regression and Early Pregnancy Maintenance in Pigs. In: Meidan, R. (eds) The Life Cycle of the Corpus Luteum. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43238-0_12

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