Integrated Management of Fruit Flies – Case Studies from Uganda

Abstract

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) pose a threat to commercialisation of the horticulture industry in Uganda. They impair the quality and quantity of fruits produced, and limit access to lucrative regional and global markets. Here we explore past and present efforts, and future plans for research and management, of fruit flies in Uganda. Early research geared towards collection and identification of fruit flies recognised the pest status of many species and highlighted the need for establishing sustainable management strategies. Subsequently large-scale research initiatives have substantially increased knowledge on the biology and ecology of fruit flies in Uganda. Based on these studies, integrated pest management (IPM) options for fruit flies have been designed and piloted. Amongst the most promising options are the Male Annihilation Technique (MAT) in combination with the Bait Annihilation Technique (BAT) or Protein Food Bait (PFB) and Orchard Sanitation (OS). Fruit bagging is also receiving attention. It is now recommended that IPM options are combined and scaled up in an area-wide approach. The government of Uganda has demonstrated genuine commitment to eradication of fruit flies through three key project initiatives: (i) Gaining insight into the ecological and physiological factors influencing fruit fly populations and infestation rates in mango-growing regions of Uganda (NARO-MSI); (ii) Equipping key technical personnel at local and district levels with knowledge on identification and management of key fruit fly pest species (NAADS); (iii) Promotion and adoption of IPM practices for fruit fly management (NARO-ATAAS). These initiatives will ensure the long-term sustainability of management options.