Abstract
The objective of this article is to give an overview of the methods available in literature to model the forming of woven-reinforced thermoplastic-matrix composites. Modelling approaches, namely kinematic and mechanics-based, to simulate the forming process are discussed. The experimental tests for the determination of the necessary parameters are listed and discussed. A great part of the efforts has been devoted to the shear characterization since it is the most important deformation mode. The bending behaviour is usually neglected but it is starting to be considered since it is important to simulate the shape of wrinkles.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Plotkin SE (2009) Examining fuel economy and carbon standards for light vehicles. Energy Policy 37:3843–3853. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.013
Golzar M, Poorzeinolabedin M (2009) Prototype fabrication of a composite automobile body based on integrated structure. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 49:1037–1045. doi:10.1007/s00170-009-2452-6
Machado M, Fischlschweiger M, Major Z (2015) Strength of single-lap-joint assemblies of continuous unidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic matrix tapes under tensile loading. J Compos Mater 49:1977–1987. doi:10.1177/0021998314541308
Harrison P, Clifford MJ, Long AC (2004) Shear characterisation of viscous woven textile composites: a comparison between picture frame and bias extension experiments. Compos Sci Technol 64:1453–1465. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2003.10.015
Willems A, Lomov SV, Verpoest I, Vandepitte D (2008) Optical strain fields in shear and tensile testing of textile reinforcements. Compos Sci Technol 68:807–819. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.08.018
Lahey TJ, Heppler GR (2004) Mechanical modeling of fabrics in bending. J Appl Mech 71:32–40. doi:10.1115/1.1629757
Xue P, Peng X, Cao J (2003) A non-orthogonal constitutive model for characterizing woven composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 34:183–193. doi:10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00052-0
Sam Huang H (2015) Influence of phase shift on the responses of woven laminated composites. Compos Struct 130:143–154. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.04.008
Cao J, Akkerman R, Boisse P et al (2008) Characterization of mechanical behavior of woven fabrics: experimental methods and benchmark results. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 39:1037–1053. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.02.016
Pierce RS, Falzon BG, Thompson MC, Boman R (2014) Implementation of a non-orthogonal constitutive model for the finite element simulation of textile composite draping. Appl Mech Mater 553:76–81. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.553.76
Härtel F, Harrison P (2014) Evaluation of normalisation methods for uniaxial bias extension tests on engineering fabrics. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 67:61–69. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.08.011
Harrison P, Härtel F (2016) Erratum to Evaluation of normalisation methods for uniaxial bias extension tests on engineering fabrics. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 80:104–106. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.10.013
Hivet G, Duong AV (2010) A contribution to the analysis of the intrinsic shear behavior of fabrics. J Compos Mater 45:695–716. doi:10.1177/0021998310382315
Machado M, Fischlschweiger M, Major Z (2016) A rate-dependent non-orthogonal constitutive model for describing shear behaviour of woven reinforced thermoplastic composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 80:194–203. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.10.028
Guzman-Maldonado E, Hamila N, Boisse P, Bikard J (2015) Thermomechanical analysis, modelling and simulation of the forming of pre-impregnated thermoplastics composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 78:211–222. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.017
Buet-Gautier K, Boisse P (2001) Experimental analysis and modeling of biaxial mechanical behavior of woven composite reinforcements. Exp Mech 41:260–269. doi:10.1007/BF02323143
Gereke T, Döbrich O, Hübner M, Cherif C (2013) Experimental and computational composite textile reinforcement forming: a review. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 46:1–10. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.10.004
Boisse P, Hamila N, Vidal-Sallé E, Dumont F (2011) Simulation of wrinkling during textile composite reinforcement forming. Influence of tensile, in-plane shear and bending stiffnesses. Compos Sci Technol 71:683–692. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.01.011
de Bilbao E, Soulat D, Hivet G, Gasser A (2010) Experimental Study of Bending Behaviour of Reinforcements. Exp Mech 50:333–351. doi:10.1007/s11340-009-9234-9
Kawabata S (1980) The standardization and analysis of hand evaluation second edition (HESC). The Textile Machinery Society of Japan, Osaka
Liang B, Hamila N, Peillon M, Boisse P (2014) Analysis of thermoplastic prepreg bending stiffness during manufacturing and of its influence on wrinkling simulations. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 67:111–122. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.08.020
Sharma SB, Potluri P, Porat I (1999) Moulding analysis of 3D woven composite preforms: mapping algorithms. In: Proceedings of 12th international conference on composite materials
Vanclooster K, Lomov SV, Verpoest I (2009) Experimental validation of forming simulations of fabric reinforced polymers using an unsymmetrical mould configuration. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 40:530–539. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.02.005
Hamila N, Boisse P (2008) Simulations of textile composite reinforcement draping using a new semi-discrete three node finite element. Compos Part B Eng 39:999–1010. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.11.008
Badel P, Gauthier S, Vidal-Salle E, Boisse P (2009) Rate constitutive equations for computational analyses of textile composite reinforcement mechanical behaviour during forming. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 40:997–1007. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.04.015
Ritt R, Machado M, Fischlschweiger M et al (2015) An inverse finite element approach to calculate full-field forming strains. Key Eng Mater 651–653:363–368
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the Austrian Federal Government for research and development in the framework of the Austrian Competence Headquarter Program operated by ENGEL AUSTRIA GmbH is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Machado, M., Major, Z. (2017). Forming of Woven-Reinforced Thermoplastic-Matrix Composites: Characterization, Modelling, and Validation. In: Irschik, H., Belyaev, A., Krommer, M. (eds) Dynamics and Control of Advanced Structures and Machines. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43080-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43080-5_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43079-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43080-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)