Sand Dunes and Their Vegetation Series

  • Christoph Leuschner
  • Heinz Ellenberg
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Dunes are very variable and highly dynamic habitats supporting a large number of plant communities. Depending on the age of the dune and its distance to the sea, it is dominated by plants adapted to high salinity, being buried by sand, drought or lack of nutrients. The herbaceous dune vegetation alone includes no fewer than seven different vegetation classes, which are present in the form of characteristic dune communities. These are the Cakiletea maritimae (shoreline communities), Ammophiletea arenariae (dune communities), KoelerioCorynephoretea (open swards of sandy and rocky ground), CallunoUlicetea (matgrass swards and dwarf shrub heaths), IsoëtoNanojuncetea (short-lived dwarf-sedge pioneer communities), ScheuchzerioCaricetea nigrae (small-sedge fen and hollow communities) and OxycoccoSphagnetea (raised bog and wet heath communities). The resulting flora is very species-rich for Central European standards. On the 25 or so islands off the Dutch, German and Danish North Sea coast alone, around 900 vascular plants, 300 bryophyte and 300 lichen species were recorded (Dijkema and Wolff 1983), of which many occur in the dunes. Many of these taxa have inland origins, but have colonised coastal habitats with morphologically and physiologically adapted genotypes (Akeroyd 1997).

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Authors and Affiliations

  • Christoph Leuschner
    • 1
  • Heinz Ellenberg
    • 2
  1. 1.Plant EcologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
  2. 2.Universität GöttingenGöttingenGermany

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