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Multiscale Physics of Ion-Beam Cancer Therapy

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Nanoscale Insights into Ion-Beam Cancer Therapy

Abstract

This is the most comprehensive review of the multiscale approach to the physics of radiation damage with ions. The approach allows one to predict survival probabilities for cells irradiated with ions based on the series of phenomena that take place on a variety of scales in time, space, and energy. The scenario of biodamage starting from ion entering tissue is the basis for an analytic synthesis of microscopic effects that comprise the macroscopic coefficients of the linear-quadratic model describing survival probabilities. The latter are calculated for both aerobic and hypoxic conditions at a variety of linear energy transfers. The oxygen enhancement ratio is obtained as a byproduct of these calculations. The calculated survival curves are compared with experiments on different cell lines and ready for medical applications.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    As of March 2016 [6].

  2. 2.

    Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.

  3. 3.

    More detail on the OER calculations can be found in the Chapter by A.V. Verkhovtsev, E. Surdutovich and A.V. Solov’yov

  4. 4.

    The optimisation related to reducing dose deposition in healthy regions and treatment partitioning is left aside.

  5. 5.

    The only part that is not transferred is emitted as radiation. This part, in the case of ions interacting with tissue, is deemed to be insignificant.

  6. 6.

    The longitudinal scanning produces the so-called spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP).

  7. 7.

    This value corresponds to the kinetic energy of ions near the Bragg peak.

  8. 8.

    This is so because the energy is mostly transferred to electrons and other secondary particles, whose longitudinal ranges are many times smaller than the characteristic scale of x.

  9. 9.

    The relevant data are available for some biological molecules, such as the DNA bases and the sugar-phosphate backbone [75] and some amino acids [76] and others [77].

  10. 10.

    This is known as the continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA) range [84].

  11. 11.

    The SDCS are integrated over full solid angle of electron emission.

  12. 12.

    ICD is a type of non-radiative relaxation process, similar to the Auger effect, except in the case of the ICD the extra electron is emitted by the neighbouring molecule [107].

  13. 13.

    In this section only effects of secondary electrons are discussed. The situation may be different when radicals are included.

  14. 14.

    This number is a part of the integrand of Eq. (51).

  15. 15.

    These values correspond to conservative estimates (\(\varepsilon _0 = 3\) eV) [28]. They may be much lower if the actual thresholds appear to be smaller [58].

  16. 16.

    This corresponds to T3-DSB [101].

  17. 17.

    As can be seen from Eq. 80, constant \(\chi \) does not make the survival curve shouldered.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to R. Garcia-Molina, M. Niklas, John Posa, I.M. Solovyeva, I.A. Solov’yov, P. de Vera, and A.V. Verkhovtsev for the assistance with figures, important advice, and insight, Center for Scientific Computing of Goethe University, and the support of COST Action MP1002 “Nano-scale insights in ion beam cancer therapy” and FP7 ITN-ARGENT.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA

    Eugene Surdutovich

  2. MBN Research Center at Frankfurter Innovationszentrum Biotechnologie, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Andrey V. Solov’yov

  3. A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Polytekhnicheskaya Ul. 26, 194021, Saint Petersburg, Russia

    Andrey V. Solov’yov

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Correspondence to Eugene Surdutovich .

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  1. Frankfurter Innovationszentrum Biotechnologie, MBN Research Center , Frankfurt, Germany

    Andrey V. Solov’yov

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Surdutovich, E., Solov’yov, A.V. (2017). Multiscale Physics of Ion-Beam Cancer Therapy. In: Solov’yov, A. (eds) Nanoscale Insights into Ion-Beam Cancer Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43030-0_1

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