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Microbial Enzymes: Current Features and Potential Applications in Nanobiotechnology

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Book cover Advances and Applications Through Fungal Nanobiotechnology

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

Abstract

Nanobiotechnology is an immensely developing field of biotechnology due to its wide-ranging applications in different areas of science and technology. It is an integration of different fields of science which holds promise in the pharmaceutical industry, medicine, and agriculture. The synthesis of mono-dispersed nanoparticles with various sizes and shapes has been a big challenge in nanotechnology. Although different physical and chemical methods have been extensively used to produce mono-dispersed nanoparticles, these methods suffer from large limitations of toxicity and adverse reactions for the biological systems. In recent years, interest in employment of enzymatic systems like as fungal and bacterial enzymes as cell-free systems in production of nanoparticles with new biological activities has increased dramatically as efficient routes over traditional synthesis by whole organisms. Since various enzymes have different capacities for synthesis of nanoparticles in a diverse range of shapes and sizes, it is very important to find suitable enzymes for such purposes and improve the method for suitable conditions of nanoparticle synthesis. Enzymatically-synthesized nanoparticles have several advantages over those synthesized by microbial biomasses and culture supernatants. Besides meaningful decrease of the downstream steps needed for purification of produced nanoparticles, they have high potential for manufacturing applications as the enzymes can be immobilized for recycling in nanoparticle synthesis. Likewise, microbial enzymes have great importance in the progress of industrial bioprocesses with potential application in pulp and paper industries, detergents and textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food and beverages, biofuels, animal feed and personal care. Today, there is an urgent need for newly developed versatile enzymes in order to use in economically nanoparticle production processes. Microbial diversity and innovative molecular techniques, such as metagenomics and genomics, are being used to discover novel microbial enzymes whose major properties can be improved by different strategies based on rational, semi-rational and random directed evolution. Nearly all industrial enzymes are recombinant forms produced in bacteria and fungi. In this chapter, we highlight current status and future prospects of cell-free synthesis of biologically active nanomaterials using enzymes originated from fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes as an important part of biodiversity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 13164, Iran

    Mohammadhassan Gholami-Shabani & Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh

  2. Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-331, Iran

    Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi

  3. Faculty of Aerospace, Science and Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Zeynab Gholami-Shabani

Authors
  1. Mohammadhassan Gholami-Shabani
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  2. Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi
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  3. Zeynab Gholami-Shabani
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  4. Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University-Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Prasad

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Gholami-Shabani, M., Shams-Ghahfarokhi, M., Gholami-Shabani, Z., Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M. (2016). Microbial Enzymes: Current Features and Potential Applications in Nanobiotechnology. In: Prasad, R. (eds) Advances and Applications Through Fungal Nanobiotechnology. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42990-8_5

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