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Biomarkers in Cardio-Renal Dysfunction

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Abstract

In cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), cardiac and renal dysfunction coexist, creating a complex clinical picture. This commonly encountered scenario is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiorenal biomarkers are emerging as a tool to help define CRS pathophysiology and direct patient care. Emerging novel biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C (CysC), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and proenkephalin (pro-ENK) can help identify renal impairment earlier, further delineate etiology and potentially guide treatment in the future. In this chapter, we will discuss cardio-renal syndrome, definitions of renal injury, the limitations of creatinine as a biomarker, and new biomarkers for cardio-renal dysfunction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Nicholas Phreaner MD & Alex Pearce MD

  2. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Alan S. Maisel MD, FACC

  3. Department of Medicine, Coronary Care Unit and Heart Failure Program, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA

    Alan S. Maisel MD, FACC

Authors
  1. Nicholas Phreaner MD
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  2. Alex Pearce MD
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  3. Alan S. Maisel MD, FACC
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicholas Phreaner MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA

    Alan S. Maisel

  2. Cardiology Department, Mayo Clinic Cardiology Department, ROCHESTER, Minnesota, USA

    Allan S. Jaffe

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Phreaner, N., Pearce, A., Maisel, A.S. (2016). Biomarkers in Cardio-Renal Dysfunction. In: Maisel, A., Jaffe, A. (eds) Cardiac Biomarkers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42982-3_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42982-3_27

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42980-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42982-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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