Abstract
Mesenteric ischemia remains one of the most challenging diseases for the acute care surgeon to care for. Identification of the disease process and expedient progression to therapy are the key components of successful management. Depending on etiology, early treatment with revascularization, anticoagulation, resuscitation, antibiotics, and early surgical intervention remain paramount to improve outcomes and prevent disease progression. The mainstays of therapeutic advancement in the recent era have focused on evolution of endovascular techniques. Despite these advancements over the past 30 years, mesenteric ischemia remains a devastating disease with high mortality rates. This chapter describes a multidisciplinary approach to caring for these challenging patients, reviewing classical and novel therapeutic methodologies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
van Gulik TM, Schoots I. Anastomosis of Riolan revisited: the meandering mesenteric artery. Arch Surg. 2005;140(12):1225–9.
van Petersen AS, Kolkman JJ, Meerwaldt R, et al. Mesenteric stenosis, collaterals, and compensatory blood flow. J Vasc Surg. 2014;60(1):111–9.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2014.01.063.
Ibukuro K, Tsukiyama T, Mori K, Inoue Y. The congenital anastomoses between hepatic arteries: angiographic appearance. Surg Radiol Anat. 2000;22(1):41–5.
Hiatt J, Gabbay J, Busuttil R. Surgical anatomy of the hepatic arteries in 1000 cases. Ann Surg. 1994;220(1):50–2.
Arjhansiri K, Charoenrat P, Kitsukjit W. Anatomic variations of the hepatic arteries in 200 patients done by angiography. J Med Assoc Thail. 2006;89:S161–8.
Elliot II JW. The operative relief of gangrene of intestine due to occlusion of the mesenteric vessels. Ann Surg. 1895;21(1):9–23.
Herbert GS, Steele SR. Acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia. Surg Clin North Am. 2007;87(5):1115–34. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2007.07.016.
Bobadilla JL. Mesenteric Ischemia. Surg Clin North Am. 2013;93(4):925–40. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2013.04.002.
Ageno W, Riva N, Schulman S, et al. Long-term clinical outcomes of splanchnic vein thrombosis: results of an international registry. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(9):1474–80. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.3184.
McKinsey J, Gewertz B. Acute mesenteric ischemia. Surg Clin North Am. 1997;77(2):307–18.
Stone JR, Wilkins LR. Acute mesenteric ischemia. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;18(1):24–30. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2014.12.004.
Sise MJ. Acute mesenteric ischemia. Surg Clin North Am. 2014;94(1):165–81. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2013.10.012.
Oldenburg WA, Lau LL, Rodenberg TJ, Edmonds HJ, Burger CD. Acute mesenteric ischemia: a clinical review. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(10):1054–62. doi:10.1001/archinte.164.10.1054.
Berland T, Oldenburg WA. Acute mesenteric ischemia. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2008;10(3):341–6.
Mesina C, Vasile I, Pasalega M, Calota F, Vilcea D. Acute mesenteric ischemia. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2008;103(4):385–94.
Wilkins LR, Stone JR. Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;18(1):31–7. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2014.12.005.
Pecoraro F, Rancic Z, Lachat M, et al. Chronic mesenteric ischemia: critical review and guidelines for management. Ann Vasc Surg. 2013;27(1):113–22. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2012.05.012.
Singal AK, Kamath PS, Tefferi A. Mesenteric venous thrombosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(3):285–94. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.01.012.
Cappell MS. Colonic toxicity of administered drugs and chemicals. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(6):1175–90. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30192.x.
Fischer J, Ozaki K, Kelly E. In: Fischer J, editor. Mastery of surgery, 6th Ed. 2012:2371–2377.
Neuman MD, Allen S, Schwarze ML, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;10(4):1071–72. doi:10.1007/s00068-015-0546-4.
Eliason JL, Wainess RM, Dimick JB, et al. The effect of secondary operations on mortality following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the United States: 1988–2001. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2005;39(6):465–72.
Weber JM, Boules M, Fong K, et al. Median arcuate ligament syndrome is not A vascular disease. Ann Vasc Surg. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2015.07.013.
Duran M, Pohl E, Grabitz K, Schelzig H, Sagban TA, Simon F. The importance of open emergency surgery in the treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia. World J Emerg Surg. 2015;10:45-015–0041-0046. doi:10.1186/s13017-015-0041-6.
Mansour M. Management of acute mesenteric ischemia. Arch Surg. 1999;134(3):328–30.
Gupta P, Natarajan B, Gupta H, Fang X, Fitzgibbons R. Morbidity and mortality after bowel resection for mesenteric ischemia. Surgery. 2011;150:779–87.
Leone M, Bechis C, Baumstarck K, et al. Outcome of acute mesenteric ischemia in the intensive care unit: a retrospective, multicenter study of 780 cases. Intensive Care Med. 2015;41(4):667–76. doi:10.1007/s00134-015-3690-8.
Lehtimaki TT, Karkkainen JM, Saari P, Manninen H, Paajanen H, Vanninen R. Detecting acute mesenteric ischemia in CT of the acute abdomen is dependent on clinical suspicion: review of 95 consecutive patients. Eur J Radiol. 2015. doi:S0720-048X(15)30098-X
Hagspiel KD, Flors L, Hanley M, Norton PT. Computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography imaging of the mesenteric vasculature. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;18(1):2–13. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2014.12.002.
Lee M, Sperry J, Rosengart M. Evaluating for acute mesenteric ischemia in critically ill patients: diagnostic peritoneal lavage is associated with reduced operative intervention and mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;77(3):441–7.
Park WM, Gloviczki P, Cherry Jr KJ, et al. Contemporary management of acute mesenteric ischemia: factors associated with survival. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35(3):445–52.
Plumereau F, Mucci S, Le Naoures P, Finel JB, Hamy A. Acute mesenteric ischemia of arterial origin: importance of early revascularization. J Visc Surg. 2015;152(1):17–22. doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2014.11.001.
Inoue Y, Schichijo Y, Ibukuro K. Indications for the intra-arterial infusion of urokinase in the treatment of acute intestinal ischemia in patients with heart disease. Rofo. 1985;143(6):660–4. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1052889.
Biebl M, Oldenburg WA, Paz-Fumagalli R, McKinney JM, Hakaim AG. Surgical and interventional visceral revascularization for the treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia–when to prefer which? World J Surg. 2007;31(3):562–8. doi:10.1007/s00268-006-0434-5.
Khripun AI, Mironkov AB, Shurygin SN, Abashin MV, Priamikov AD. Endovascular interventions for acute ischemia of intestine. Khirurgiia (Sofiia). 2015;(7):62–4.
Serracant Barrera A, Luna Aufroy A, Hidalgo Rosas JM, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia: utility of endovascular techniques. Cir Esp. 2015. doi:S0009-739X(15)00183-9
Jia Z, Jiang G, Tian F, et al. Early endovascular treatment of superior mesenteric occlusion secondary to thromboemboli. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014;47(2):196–203. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.09.025.
Schoots IG, Levi MM, Reekers JA, Lameris JS, van Gulik TM. Thrombolytic therapy for acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005;16(3):317–29.
Eslami MH, Rybin D, Doros G, McPhee JT, Farber A. Mortality of acute mesenteric ischemia remains unchanged despite significant increase in utilization of endovascular techniques. Vascular. 2015. doi:1708538115577730.
Raupach J, Lojik M, Chovanec V, et al. Endovascular management of acute embolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery: a 12-year single-centre experience. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2015. doi:10.1007/s00270-015-1156-6.
Blauw JT, Meerwaldt R, Brusse-Keizer M, et al. Retrograde open mesenteric stenting for acute mesenteric ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2014;60(3):726–34. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.001.
Atema JJ, Gans SL, Boermeester MA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the open abdomen and temporary abdominal closure techniques in non-trauma patients. World J Surg. 2015;39(4):912–25. doi:10.1007/s00268-014-2883-6.
Ishizuka M, Nagata H, Takagi K, et al. Usefulness of intraoperative observation using a fluorescence imaging instrument for patients with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia. Int Surg. 2015;100(4):593–99. doi:10.9738/INTSURG-D-14-00038.1.
Ballard JL, Stone WM, Hallett JW, Pairolero PC, Cherry KJ. A critical analysis of adjuvant techniques used to assess bowel viability in acute mesenteric ischemia. Am Surg. 1993;59(5):309–11.
Schoenberg MH, Beger HG. Reperfusion injury after intestinal ischemia. Crit Care Med. 1993;21(9):1376–86.
Jones AE, Shapiro NI, Trzeciak S, et al. Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2010;303(8):739–46. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.158.
Jansen TC, van Bommel J, Schoonderbeek FJ, et al. Early lactate-guided therapy in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(6):752–61. doi:10.1164/rccm.200912-1918OC.
Connelly CR, Schreiber MA. Endpoints in resuscitation. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2015:1. doi:10.1097/MCC.0000000000000248.
Jeejeebhoy KN. Management of short bowel syndrome: avoidance of total parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(2 Suppl 1):S60–6.
Howard L, Malone M. Current status of home parenteral nutrition in the United States. Transpl Proc. 1996;28:2691–5.
Karkkainen JM, Lehtimaki TT, Manninen H, Paajanen H. Acute Mesenteric Ischemia Is a More Common Cause than Expected of Acute Abdomen in the Elderly. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015;19(8):1407–1414. doi:10.1007/s11605-015-2830-3 [doi].
Neuman MD, Allen S, Schwarze ML, Uy J. Using time-limited trials to improve surgical care for frail older adults. Ann Surg. 2015;261(4):639–41. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000000939.
Cooper Z, Corso K, Bernacki R, Bader A, Gawande A, Block S. Conversations about treatment preferences before high-risk surgery: a pilot study in the preoperative testing center. J Palliat Med. 2014;17(6):701–7. doi:10.1089/jpm.2013.0311.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Weddle, R.J., Watson, J.J.J., Watters, J.M. (2017). Mesenteric Ischemia for the Acute Care Surgeon. In: Moore, L., Todd, S. (eds) Common Problems in Acute Care Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42792-8_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42792-8_30
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42790-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42792-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)