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Interactions Between the Basal Ganglia and the Cerebellum and Role in Neurological Disorders

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The Basal Ganglia

Part of the book series: Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience ((Innovations Cogn.Neuroscience))

Abstract

The cerebellum and the basal ganglia are critically important for motor control, and their cooperation is crucial to generate the motor signals necessary for proper motor execution and coordination. For decades, direct and functionally relevant communication between these structures was thought to be unlikely due to the lack of corroborating anatomical or functional data. More recent novel methodologies have uncovered the presence of a pathway connecting the output of the basal ganglia to the cerebellum and a disynaptic connection from the cerebellum to the input of the basal ganglia via the thalamus in both rodents and primates. In particular, the disynaptic connection allows for a rapid communication between the cerebellum and the basal ganglia and is capable of modulating synaptic plasticity between the basal ganglia and the motor cortex. These mechanistic insights have helped determine how aberrant activity in the cerebellum can dynamically affect the basal ganglia. Cerebellar-induced dystonia is a clear example in which erratic cerebellar burst firing significantly alters normal basal ganglia activity causing dystonia. Further understanding of this impaired interaction will promote the development of novel therapeutic approaches to target defective networks in multiple pathologies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA

    Christopher H. Chen & Kamran Khodakhah Ph.D.

  2. Laboratory for Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Diany Paola Calderon M.D.,Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Christopher H. Chen
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  2. Diany Paola Calderon M.D.,Ph.D.
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  3. Kamran Khodakhah Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Diany Paola Calderon M.D.,Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Jean-Jacques Soghomonian

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Chen, C.H., Calderon, D.P., Khodakhah, K. (2016). Interactions Between the Basal Ganglia and the Cerebellum and Role in Neurological Disorders. In: Soghomonian, JJ. (eds) The Basal Ganglia. Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42743-0_7

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