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Striatal Mechanisms of Associative Learning and Dysfunction in Neurological Disease

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Book cover The Basal Ganglia

Part of the book series: Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience ((Innovations Cogn.Neuroscience))

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Abstract

A critical component of adaptive human behavior is the ability to rapidly form and update associations between environmental cues, actions, and outcomes. This form of learning provides an integral evolutionary advantage, allowing agents to reproduce behaviors that lead to rewarding outcomes more frequently while avoiding actions that may result in aversive or potentially deadly conclusions. A broad and diverse range of cognitive functions and brain regions are required to cooperatively function to produce a system that can flexibly and continuously adapt to on-going environmental and cognitive dynamics. The focus of this chapter will be to explore the neural mechanisms that underlie this cognitive process—associative learning—with a specific focus on a cluster of subcortical gray masses collectively known as the basal ganglia. We will review some of the anatomical features of the basal ganglia and recent findings of associative learning from the cellular and molecular perspective as well as findings from in vivo awake-and-behaving neurophysiological experiments in animals and humans. Finally, we will conclude with a section on dysfunctions in associative learning observed in neurological disease, spanning motor, and psychiatric disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St. MWEL-429, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Shaun R. Patel Ph.D., Jennifer J. Cheng & Emad N. Eskandar M.D.

  2. Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Arjun R. Khanna

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Rupen Desai

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  1. Shaun R. Patel Ph.D.
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  2. Jennifer J. Cheng
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  3. Arjun R. Khanna
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  5. Emad N. Eskandar M.D.
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Correspondence to Shaun R. Patel Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Jean-Jacques Soghomonian

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Patel, S.R., Cheng, J.J., Khanna, A.R., Desai, R., Eskandar, E.N. (2016). Striatal Mechanisms of Associative Learning and Dysfunction in Neurological Disease. In: Soghomonian, JJ. (eds) The Basal Ganglia. Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42743-0_12

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