Abstract
There is a similarity between the function of multipolarity versus hegemony, and the historical use of the balance of power versus universal monarchy. Historically, the balance of power is more complex than just an inherent tendency towards an equal distribution of power of material capabilities it is in neorealism. It also covers non-material elements such as respect for the rights and duties of great powers, their status and international law, political and cultural pluralism and collective great power management (multilateralism) through the Concert of Europe. It includes a rejection of the idea of universal monarchy as contrary to peace and stability, just as the multipolar discourse implies a rejection of American hegemony.
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De Keersmaeker, G. (2017). Multipolarity, Balance of Power and Universal Monarchy. In: Polarity, Balance of Power and International Relations Theory. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42652-5_8
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