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Obesity and Prostate Cancer

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Obesity and Cancer

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 208))

Abstract

Prostate cancer is a complex, heterogeneous disease. Factors related to detection, particularly PSA screening, further increase heterogeneity in the manifestation of the disease. It is thus not possible to provide a simple summary of the relationship between obesity and prostate cancer. Findings on obesity, often defined using body mass index (BMI), and total prostate cancer risk have been mixed; however, obesity is relatively consistently associated with a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, with aggressiveness defined in various ways (e.g., advanced stage, fatal, poorer prognosis in men with prostate cancer). Many methodologic issues (e.g., influence of PSA screening, detection bias and treatment) need to be thoroughly considered in both existing and future etiologic and prognostic research. Biological mechanisms supporting the link are under investigation, but may involve insulin and IGF axis, sex steroid hormones and alterations in metabolism. Some promising data suggest that molecular sub-types of prostate cancer may offer insights into etiology, but further study is required. A full evaluation of body fatness and weight change over the life course would not only provide insights to the underlying mechanisms but also allow more effective interventions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Yin Cao

  2. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Yin Cao & Edward Giovannucci

  3. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Edward Giovannucci

  4. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Edward Giovannucci

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  1. Yin Cao
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  2. Edward Giovannucci
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Correspondence to Edward Giovannucci .

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  1. Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße , Berlin, Germany

    Tobias Pischon

  2. Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße, Berlin, Germany

    Katharina Nimptsch

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Cao, Y., Giovannucci, E. (2016). Obesity and Prostate Cancer. In: Pischon, T., Nimptsch, K. (eds) Obesity and Cancer. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 208. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42542-9_8

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