Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Eating Disorders in Severe Obesity

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Psychiatric Care in Severe Obesity

  • 1269 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter, we review and recommend strategies for assessing eating disorders in patients with obesity who present for treatment in settings that are not specialized to treat eating disorders. Our purpose is to equip clinicians working with obese individuals or in general community practices with the tools to understand eating disorder symptoms and make appropriate recommendations to patients with obesity. A case example of a common clinical presentation will be used to illustrate the assessment and triage process. We will begin by reviewing prevalence data and providing an overview of the research literature on eating disorders typically found in individuals with obesity, namely binge eating disorder (BED) and night eating syndrome (NES). We will then summarize recent diagnostic changes in the DSM-5 criteria for eating disorders. We discuss interview and self-report instruments and recommend how best to incorporate these into clinical practice so as to reliably and accurately assess for eating disorders. Although other chapters in this volume describe specific psychological treatments for obesity, we outline a plan for triaging patients with obesity who also suffer from eating disorders to more intensive treatment. Finally, we review medications for eating disorders found in patients with obesity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski SZ. Eating disorder or disordered eating? Non-normative eating patterns in obese individuals. Obes Res. 2004;12(9):1361–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Urquhart CS, Mihalynuk TV. Disordered eating in women: implications for the obesity pandemic. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2011;72(50):e115–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kessler RC, Berglund PA, Tat Chiu W, et al. The prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in the world health organization world mental health surveys. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73:904–14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Colles SL, Dixon JB. Night eating syndrome: impact on bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2006;16:811–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Stunkard AJ, Allison KC, Geliebter A, Lundgren JD, Gluck ME, O’Reardon JP. Development of criteria for a diagnosis: lessons from the night eating syndrome. Compr Psychiatry. 2009;50:391–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Vander Wal JS. Night eating syndrome: a critical review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2012;32:49–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Parker K, Brennan L. Measurement of disordered eating in bariatric surgery candidates: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2015;9:12–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Night eating syndrome and nocturnal snacking: association with obesity, binge eating and psychological distress. Int J Obes. 2007;31:1722–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sarach O, Atasoy N, Akdemir A, et al. The prevalence and clinical features of the night eating syndrome in psychiatric out-patient population. Compr Psychiatry. 2015;57:79–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Amianto F, Ottone L, Abbate Daga G, Fassino S. Binge-eating disorder diagnosis and treatment: a recap in front of DSM-5. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15:70.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Stice E, Marti CN, Rohde P. Prevalence, incidence, impairment, and course of the proposed DSM-5 eating disorder diagnoses in an 8-year prospective community study of young women. J Abnorm Psychol. 2013;122(2):445–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lydecker JA, Grilo CM. Different yet similar: examining race and ethnicity in treatment-seeking adults with binge eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psych. 2016;84(1):88–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hoek HW. Epidemiology of eating disorders in persons other than the high-risk group of young western females. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2014;27:423–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Agh T, Kovacs G, Pawaskar M, Supina D, Inotai A, Voko Z. Epidemiology, health-related quality of life and economic burden of binge eating disorder: a systematic review of the literature. Eat Weight Disord. 2015;20:1–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Calugi S, Dalle Grave R, Marchesini G. Night eating syndrome in class II–III obesity: metabolic and psychopathological features. Int J Obes. 2009;33:899–904.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Grilo CM, Masheb RM. Night-time eating in men and women with binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42:397–407.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Shingleton RM, Thompson-Brenner H, Thompson DR, Pratt EM, Franko DL. Gender differences in clinical trials of binge eating disorder: an analysis of aggregated data. J Consult Clin Psych. 2015;83(2):382–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Striegel-Moore RH, Franko DL, Thompson D, Affenito S, Kraemer HC. Night eating: prevalence and demographic correlates. Obesity. 2006;14(1):139–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Franko DL, Thompson-Brenner H, Thompson DR, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in adults in randomized clinical trials of binge eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psych. 2012;80(2):186–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Brownley KA, Peat CM, La Via M, Bulik CM. Pharmacological approaches to the management of binge eating disorder. Drugs. 2015;75:9–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Alfonsson S, Parling T, Ghaderi A. Group behavioral activation for patients with severe obesity and binge eating disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Modif. 2015;39(2):270–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. De Zwaan M, Hilbert A, Swan-Kremeier L, et al. Comprehensive interview assessment of eating behavior 18–35 months after gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2010;6:79–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gallant AR, Lundgren J, Drapeau V. The night-eating syndrome and obesity. Obes Rev. 2012;13:528–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Grucza RA, Przybeck TR, Cloninger CR. Prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in a community sample. Compr Psychiatry. 2007;48:124–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hudson JI, Coit CE, Lalonde JK, Pope HG. By how much will the proposed new DSM-5 criteria increase the prevalence of binge eating disorder? Int J Eat Disord. 2012;45:139–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Castellini G, Godini L, Gorini Amedei S, et al. Psychopathological similarities and differences between obese patients seeking surgical and non-surgical overweight treatments. Eat Weight Disord. 2014;19:95–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lundgren JD, Allison KC, Crow S, et al. Prevalence of the night eating syndrome in a psychiatric population. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(1):156–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Allison KC, Lundgren JD, O’Reardon JP, et al. Proposed diagnostic criteria for night eating syndrome. Int J Eat Disord. 2010;43:241–7.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Aronoff NJ, Geliebter A, Zammit G. Gender and body mass index as related to the night-eating syndrome in obese outpatients. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101:102–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Rand CSW, Macgregor AMC, Stunkard AJ. The night eating syndrome in the general population and among postoperative obesity surgery patients. Int J Eat Disord. 1997;22:65–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Goldschmidt AB, Le Grange D, Powers P, et al. Eating disorder symptomatology in normal-weight vs. obese individuals with binge eating disorder. Obesity. 2011;19:1515–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Dingemans AE, van Furth EF. Binge eating disorder psychopathology in normal weight and obese individuals. Int J Eat Disord. 2012;45:135–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Marshall HM, Allison KC, O’Reardon JP, Birketvedt G, Stunkard AJ. Night eating syndrome among nonobese persons. Int J Eat Disord. 2004;35:217–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Carrard I, Van der Linden M, Golay A. Comparison of obese and nonobese individuals with binge eating disorder: delicate boundary between binge eating disorder and non-purging bulimia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2012;20:350–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Lundgren JD, Rempfer MV, Brown CE, Goetz J, Hamera E. The prevalence of night eating syndrome and binge eating disorder among overweight and obese individuals with serious mental illness. Psychiatry Res. 2010;175:233–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Lundgren JD, Allison KC, O’Reardon JP, Stunkard AJ. A descriptive study of non-obese persons with night eating syndrome and a weight-matched comparison group. Eat Behav. 2008;9:343–51.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Allison KC, Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Stunkard AJ. Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome: a comparative study of disordered eating. J Consult Clin Psych. 2005;73(6):1107–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Grilo CM, White MA, Barnes RD, Masheb RM. Psychiatric disorder co-morbidity and correlates in an ethnically diverse sample of obese patients with binge eating disorder in primary care settings. Compr Psychiatry. 2013;54:209–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. de Zwaan M, Roerig DB, Crosby RD, Karaz S, Mitchell JE. Nighttime eating: a descriptive study. Int J Eat Disord. 2006;39:224–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Stunkard AJ. Eating disorders and obesity. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2011;34:765–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Picot AK, Lilenfeld LRR. The relationship among binge severity, personality psychopathology, and body mass index. Int J Eat Disord. 2003;34:98–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Mitchell JE, Selzer F, Kalarchian MA, et al. Psychopathology before surgery in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-3 (LABS-3) Psychosocial Study. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8:533–41.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Jones-Corneille LR, Wadden TA, Sarwer DB, et al. Axis I psychopathology in bariatric surgery candidates with and without binge eating disorder: results of structured clinical interviews. Obes Surg. 2012;22(3):389–97.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Becker DF, Grilo CM. Comorbidity of mood and substance use disorders in patients with binge-eating disorder: associations with personality disorder and eating disorder pathology. J Psychosom Res. 2015;79:159–64.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Rieger E, Wilfley DE, Stein RI, Marino V, Crow SJ. A comparison of quality of life in obese individuals with and without binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2005;37:234–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Gluck ME, Geliebter A, Satov T. Night eating syndrome is associated with depression, low self-esteem, reduced daytime hunger, and less weight loss in obese outpatients. Obes Res. 2001;9(4):264–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Perez M, Warren CS. The relationship between quality of life, binge-eating disorder, and obesity status in an ethnically diverse sample. Obesity. 2012;20(4):879–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Vinai P, Ferri R, Ferrini-Strambi L, et al. Defining the borders between sleep-related eating disorder and night eating syndrome. Sleep Med. 2012;13:686–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. De Zwaan M, Mitchell JE, Howell LM, et al. Characteristics of morbidly obese patients before gastric bypass surgery. Compr Psychiatry. 2003;44(5):428–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Mitchell JE, King WC, Pories W, et al. Binge eating disorder and medical comorbidities in bariatric surgery candidates. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48:471–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Kalarchian MA, Marcus MD, Levine MD, et al. Psychiatric disorders among bariatric surgery candidates: relationship to obesity and functional health status. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(2):328–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Fairburn CG, Cooper Z. The eating disorder examination. In: Fairburn CG, Wilson GT, editors. Binge eating: nature, assessment, and treatment. 12th ed. New York: The Guilford Press; 1993. p. 317–60.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Masheb RM, Grilo CM, Whites MA. An examination of eating patterns in community women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2011;44(7):618–24. doi:10.1002/eat.20853.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Birgegard A, Clinton D, Norring C. Diagnostic issues of binge eating in eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2013;21:175–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Doll HA, Norman P, O’Connor M. The natural course of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder in young women. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:659–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. O’Reardon JP, Ringel BL, Dinges DF, Allison KC, Rogers NL, Martino NS, Stunkard AJ. Circadian eating and sleeping patterns of the night eating syndrome. Obes Res. 2004;12:1789–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Stunkard AJ, Grace WJ, Wolff HG. The night-eating syndrome: a pattern of food intake among certain obese patients. Am J Med. 1955;19:78–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Berner LA, Allison KC. Behavioral management of night eating disorders. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2013;6:1–8.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Birketvedt GS, Florholmen J, Sundsfjord J, et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics of the night-eating syndrome. JAMA. 1999;282:657–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Napolitano MA, Head S, Babyak MA, Blumenthal JA. Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome: psychological and behavioral characteristics. Int J Eat Disord. 2001;30:193–203.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ. Assessment of eating disorders: interview or self-report questionnaire? Int J Eat Disord. 1994;16(4):363–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  63. Marino JM, Ertelt TW, Lancaster K, Steffen K, Peterson L, de Zwaan M, Mitchell JE. The emergence of eating pathology after bariatric surgery: a rare outcome with important clinical implications. Int J Eat Disord. 2012;45:179–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Pazeres de Assis P, Alves da Silva S, Vieira de Melo CYS, de Arruda MM. Eating habits, nutritional status and quality of life in late postoperative gastric bypass Roux-Y. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(3):637–42.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Rusch MD, Andris D. Maladaptive eating patterns after weight-loss surgery. Nutr Clin Pract. 2007;22:41–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Segal A, Kinoshita Kussunoki D, Larino MA. Post-surgical refusal to eat: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or a new eating disorder? A case series. Obes Surg. 2004;14:353–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Sousa Novais PF, Rasera Junior I, Shiraga EC, Marques de Oliveira MR. Food aversions in women during the 2 years after Roux-En-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2011;21:1921–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Allison KC, Wadden TA, Sarwer DB, Fabricatore AN, Crerand CE, Gibbons LM, et al. Night eating syndrome and binge eating disorder among persons seeking bariatric surgery: prevalence and related features. Obesity. 2006;14(S3):77S–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Dymek-Valentine M, Rienecke-Hoste R, Alverdy J. Assessment of binge eating disorder in morbidly obese patients evaluated for gastric bypass: SCID versus QEWP-R. Eat Weight Disord. 2004;9(3):211–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Elder KA, Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Rothschild BS, Burke-Martindale CH, Brody ML. Comparison of two self-report instruments for assessing binge eating in bariatric surgery candidates. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(4):545–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Kalarchian MA, Marcus MD, Wilson GT, Labouvie EW, Brolin RE, LaMarca LB. Binge eating among gastric bypass patients at long-term follow-up. Obes Surg. 2002;12:270–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, O’Connor M. Eating disorder examination. In: Fairburn CG, editor. Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. New York: Guilford Press; 2008. p. 315–8.

    Google Scholar 

  73. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I disorders, clinician version. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Harnett-Sheehan K, Janavs J, Weiller E, Bonara LI, Keskiner A, Schinka J, Knapp E, Sheehan MF, Dunbar GC. Reliability and validity of the M.I.N.I. International neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): according to the SCID-P. Eur Psychiat. 1997;12:232–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Allison KC, Crow SJ, Reeves RR, West DS, Foreyt JP, DiLillo VG, Wadden TA, Jeffrey RW, Van Dorsten B, Stunkard AJ, The Eating Disorders Subgroup of the Look AHEAD Reearch Group. Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome in adults with type 2 diabetes. Obesity. 2007;15(5):1287–93.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Elder KA, Grilo CM. The Spanish language version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: comparison with the Spanish language version of the eating disorder examination and test-retest reliability. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45(6):1369–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Wilson GT. Different methods for assessing the features of eating disorders in patients with binge eating disorder: a replication. Obes Res. 2001;9(7):418–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Kalarchian MA, Wilson GT, Brolin RE, Bradley L. Assessment of eating disorders in bariatric surgery candidates: self-report questionnaire versus interview. Int J Eat Disord. 2000;28:465–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Wilfley DE, Schwartz MB, Spurrell EB, Fairburn CG. Assessing the specific psychopathology of binge eating disorder patients: interview or self-report? Behav Res Ther. 1997;35:1151–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. de Zwaan M, Mitchell JE, Specker SM, Pyle RL, Mussell MP, Seim HC. Diagnosing binge eating disorder: level of agreement between self-report and expert-rating. Int J Eat Disord. 1993;14(3):289–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Barnes RD, Masheb RM, White MA, Grilo CM. Comparison of methods for identifying and assessing obese patients with binge eating disorder in primary care settings. Int J Eat Disord. 2011;44:157–63.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  82. Taylor VH, Stonehocker B, Steele M, Sharma AM. An overview of treatments for obesity in a population with mental illness. Can J Psychiatry. 2012;57:13–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. Dieting and the development of eating disorders in overweight and obese adults. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2581–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Alexandraki I, Palacio C, Mooradian AD. Relative merits of low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diet in managing obesity. South Med J. 2015;108(7):401–16.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Dubnov-Raz G, Berry EM. Dietary approaches to obesity. Mt Sinai J Med. 2010;77:488–98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Jain A. Treating obesity in individuals and populations. BMJ. 2005;331:1387–90.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Johns DA, Hartmann-Boyce J, Jebb SA. Diet or exercise interventions vs combined behavioral weight management programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis of direct comparisons. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014;114:1557–68.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Williams RL, Wood LG, Collins CE, Callister R. Effectiveness of weight loss interventions—is there a difference between men and women: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2015;16:171–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Elfhag K, Rossner S. Who succeeds in maintaining weight loss? A conceptual review of factors associated with weight loss maintenance and weight regain. Obes Rev. 2005;6:67–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Wing RR, Phelan S. Long-term weight loss maintenance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(suppl):222S–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. da Luz FQ, Hay P, Gibson AA, et al. Does severe dietary energy restriction increase binge eating in overweight or obese individuals? A systematic review. Obes Rev. 2015;16:652–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Wonderlich SA, de Zwaan M, Mitchell JE, Peterson C, Crow S. Psychological and dietary treatments of binge eating disorder: conceptual implications. Int J Eat Disord. 2003;34:S58–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Murphy R, Straebler S, Basden S, Cooper Z, Fairburn CG. Interpersonal psychotherapy for eating disorders. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2012;19(2):150–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Telch CF, Agras S, Linehan MM. Dialectical behavior therapy for binge eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psych. 2001;69(6):1061–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Cassin SE, von Ranson KM, Heng K, Brar J, Wojtowicz AE. Adapted motivational interviewing for women with binge eating disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Addict Behav. 2008;15:364–75.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Kristeller JL, Wolever RQ, Sheets V. Mindfulness-based eating awareness training (MB-EAT) for binge eating disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Mindfulness. 2012;3(4).

    Google Scholar 

  97. Grilo CM, White MA, Masheb RM, et al. Predicting meaningful outcomes to medication and self-help treatments for binge-eating disorder in primary care: the significance of early rapid response. J Consult Clin Psych. 2015;83:387–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Pawlow LA, O’Neil PM, Malcolm RJ. Night eating syndrome: effects of brief relaxation training on stress, mood, hunger, and eating patterns. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:970–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Smink FRE, van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Epidemiology, course and outcome. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2013;26:543–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. McElroy SL, Hudson J, Ferreira-Cornwell MC, Radewonuk J, Whitaker T, Gasior M. Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate for adults with moderate to severe binge eating disorder: results of two pivotal phase 3 randomized controlled trials. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016;41(5):1251–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. McElroy SL, Hudson J, Mitchell JE, Wilfley D, Ferreira-Cornwell MC, Joseph Gao J, Wang J, Whitaker T, Jonas J, Gasior M. Efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine for treatment of adults with moderate to severe binge-eating disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(3):235–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Stefano SC, Bacaltchuk J, Blay SL, Appolinário JC. Antidepressants in the short-term treatment of binge eating disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Behav. 2008;9:129–36 (Abstract).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. White MA, Grilo CM. Bupropion for overweight women with binge-eating disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74:400–6 (Abstract).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  104. Guerdjikova AI, McElroy SL, Winstanley EL, et al. Duloxetine in the treatment of binge eating disorder with depressive disorders: a placebo-controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord. 2012;45:281–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. McElroy SL, Arnold LM, Shapira NA, et al. Topiramate in the treatment of binge eating disorder associated with obesity: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:255–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. McElroy SL, Hudson JI, Capece JA, et al. Topiramate for the treatment of binge eating disorder associated with obesity: a placebo-controlled study. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;61:1039–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. McElroy SL, Kotwal R, Guerdjikova AI, et al. Zonisamide in the treatment of binge eating disorder with obesity: a randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67:1897–906.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. O’Reardon JP, Allison KC, Martino NS, Lundgren JD, Heo M, Stunkard AJ. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(5):893–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Vander Wal JS, Gang CH, Griffing GT, Gadde KM. Escitalopram for treatment of night eating syndrome: a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;32(3):341–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. O’Reardon JP, Stunkard AJ, Allison KC. Clinical trial of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome. Int J Eat Disord. 2004;35(1):16–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Allison KC, Studt SK, Berkowitz RI, et al. An open-label efficacy trial of escitalopram for night eating syndrome. Eat Behav. 2013;14(2):199–203.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Milano W, De Rosa M, Milano L, Capasso A. Agomelatine efficacy in the night eating syndrome. Case Rep Med. 2013;2013:867650. doi:10.1155/2013/867650.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  113. Milano W, De Rosa M, Milano L, Riccio A, Sanseverino B, Capasso A. Successful treatment with agomelatine in NES: a series of five cases. Open Neurol J. 2013;7:32–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  114. Winkelman JW. Treatment of nocturnal eating syndrome and sleep-related eating disorder with topiramate. Sleep Med. 2003;4(3):243–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Tucker P, Masters B, Nawar O. Topiramate in the treatment of comorbid night eating syndrome and PTSD: a case study. Eat Disord. 2004;12(1):75–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Cooper-Kazaz R. Treatment of night eating syndrome with topiramate: dawn of a new day. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;32(1):143–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Friedman S, Even C, Dardennes R, Guelfi JD. Light therapy, obesity, and night-eating syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(5):875–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Friedman S, Even C, Dardennes R, Guelfi JD. Light therapy, non- seasonal depression, and night eating syndrome. Can J Psychiatry. 2004;49(11):790.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Sorensen KW, Herrington H, Kushner RF. Nutrition and weight regain in the bariatric surgical patient. In: Kushner RF, Still CD, editors. Nutrition and bariatric surgery. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC; 2015. p. 265–79.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Chesler BE. Emotional eating: a virtually untreated risk factor for outcome following bariatric surgery. Scientific World Journal. 2012;2012:365961.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  121. Sheets CS, Peat CM, Berg KC, et al. Post-operative psychosocial predictors of outcome in bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2015;25:330–45.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  122. Konttinen H, Peltonen M, Sjostrom L, Carlsson L, Karlsson J. Psychological aspects of eating behavior as predictors of 10 year weight changes after surgical and conventional treatment of severe obesity: results from the Swedish obese subjects intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101:16–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. White MA, Kalarchian MA, Levine MD, Masheb RM, Marcus MD, Grilo CM. Prognostic significance of depressive symptoms on weight loss and psychosocial outcomes following gastric bypass surgery: a prospective 24-month follow-up study. Obes Surg. 2015;25:1909–16.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  124. Gormally J, Black S, Daston S, et al. The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons. Addict Behav. 1982;7:47–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. van Strien T, Frijters JE, Bergers GP, Defares PB. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional and external eating behavior. Int J Eat Disord. 1986;5:295–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. Garner DM. Eating Disorder Inventory-3. Professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Mintz LB, O’Halloran MS, Mulholland AM, Schneider PA. Questionnaire for eating disorder diagnoses: reliability and validity of operationalizing DSM-IV criteria into a self-report format. J Couns Psychol. 1997;44(1):63–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Spitzer RL, Devlin M, Walsh BT, Wing R, Marcus M, Stunkard A, Wadden T, Yanovski S, Agreas S, Mitchell J, Nonas C. Binge eating disorder: a multi-site field trial of the diagnostic criteria. Int J Eat Disord. 1992;11:203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Allison KC, Stunkard AJ, Thier SL. Overcoming night eating syndrome. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Stunkard AJ, Messick S. The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. J Psychosom Res. 1985;29(1):71–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Grupski AE, Hood MM, Hall BJ, Azarbad L, Fitzpatrick SL. Examining the Binge Eating Scale in screening for binge eating disorder in bariatric surgery candidates. Obes Surg. 2013;23:1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Marcus MD, Wing RR, Hopkins J. Obese binge eaters: Affect, cognitions, and response to behavioral weight control. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;3:433–439.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Toronto Western Hospital Bariatric Surgery Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Susan Wnuk B.A., M.A., Ph.D. & Jessica Van Exan Ph.D., C.Psych.

  2. Toronto Western Hospital Bariatric Surgery Program, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 2S8

    Raed Hawa

  3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Raed Hawa

Authors
  1. Susan Wnuk B.A., M.A., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jessica Van Exan Ph.D., C.Psych.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Raed Hawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Susan Wnuk B.A., M.A., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Toronto Western Hospital Bariatric Surgery Program, Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Sanjeev Sockalingam

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Raed Hawa

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wnuk, S., Van Exan, J., Hawa, R. (2017). Eating Disorders in Severe Obesity. In: Sockalingam, S., Hawa, R. (eds) Psychiatric Care in Severe Obesity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42536-8_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42536-8_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42534-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42536-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation