Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Plasma Cell Neoplasms pp 35–77Cite as

Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Plasma Cell Neoplasms

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 372 Accesses

Abstract

Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is a bone marrow-based neoplasm, the diagnosis of which is straightforward in most cases. The presence of marked cytologic pleomorphism and extramedullary involvement, for example, can make the diagnosis of myeloma a difficult one in some instances. This chapter will provide a comprehensive review of the morphologic features of PCM; however, our emphasis will be on those variant histologic, cytologic, and immunophenotypic features that provide important diagnostic clues or that have the potential for misinterpretation leading to possible misdiagnosis. Because it is predominantly a neoplasm of the bone marrow, our discussion will focus primarily on bone marrow findings in PCM.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: IARC Press; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dimopoulos MA, Pouli A, Anagnostopoulos A, et al. Macrofocal multiple myeloma in young patients: a distinct entity with favorable prognosis. Leuk Lymphoma. 2006;47:1553–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Walker R, Barlogie B, Haessler J, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in multiple myeloma: diagnostic and clinical implications. J Clin oncol: Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1121–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Foucar K, Raber M, Foucar E, Barlogie B, Sandler CM, Alexanian R. Anaplastic myeloma with massive extramedullary involvement. Report of two cases. Cancer. 1983;51:166–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Khayyata S, Bentley G, Fregene TA, Al-Abbadi M. Retroperitoneal extramedullary anaplastic plasmacytoma masquerading as sarcoma: Report of a case with an unusual presentation and imprint smears. Acta Cytol. 2007;51:434–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Rao S, Kar R, Pati HP. Anaplastic myeloma: a morphologic diagnostic dilemma. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus: Off J Indian Soc Hematol Blood Transfus. 2008;24:188–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Subitha K, Renu T, Lillykutty P, Letha V. Anaplastic myeloma presenting as mandibular swelling: Diagnosis by cytology. J Cytol/Indian Acad Cytol. 2014;31:114–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kumar G, Ahluwalia J. “Multiple forms” of a myeloma. Blood. 2015;126:692.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Eyden BP, Banerjee SS. Multiple myeloma showing signet-ring cell change. Histopathology. 1990;17:170–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dorfman RF. Multiple myeloma showing signet-ring cell change. Histopathology. 1991;18:577–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Haidar JH, Bazarbachi A, Nasr MR, El-Sabban ME, Daher R. Signet ring-like light chain myeloma with systemic spread. Eur J Haematol. 2003;70:249–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Grier DD, Robbins K. Signet-ring plasma cell myeloma. Am J Hematol. 2012;87:625.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Parmentier S, Radke J. Pseudo-Auer rods in a patient with newly diagnosed IgG myeloma. Blood. 2012;119:650.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Metzgeroth G, Back W, Maywald O, et al. Auer rod-like inclusions in multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol. 2003;82:57–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Al Muslahi M, Teague M, Lee SH, Roberts M. Multiple myeloma simulating Gaucher’s disease. Br J Haematol 2006;134:123.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Brunning RD, Parkin J. Intranuclear inclusions in plasma cells and lymphocytes from patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Am J Clin Pathol. 1976;66:10–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Eyre TA, Littlewood TJ, Bain BJ. Dutcher bodies: cytoplasmic inclusions within the nucleus. Br J Haematol. 2014;166:946–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Jiang N, Qi C, Chang H. Dutcher bodies in multiple myeloma are highly associated with translocation t(4;14) and IgA isotype. Br J Haematol. 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Maldonado JE, Bayrd ED, Brown AL Jr. The flaming cell in multiple myeloma. A light and electron microscopy study. Am J Clin Pathol. 1965;44:605–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Waldenstrom J, Paraskevas F, Heremans J. The incidence and cytology of different myeloma types. Lancet 1961;1:1147.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Savage DG, Zipin D, Bhagat G, Alobeid B. Hemophagocytic, non-secretory multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004;45:1061–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ramos J, Lorsbach R. Hemophagocytosis by neoplastic plasma cells in multiple myeloma. Blood. 2014;123:1634.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Galeotti J, Wu B, Wang E. Erythrophagocytosis in a cyclin D1 positive plasma cell myeloma with near-tetraploid karyotypic abnormalities and cryptic MYC/IGH fusion. Ann Hematol 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Machaczka M, Vaktnas J, Klimkowska M, Nahi H, Hagglund H. Acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with multiple myeloma. Med Oncol. (Northwood, London, England) 2011;28:539–43.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Greipp PR, Raymond NM, Kyle RA, O’Fallon WM. Multiple myeloma: significance of plasmablastic subtype in morphological classification. Blood. 1985;65:305–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Greipp PR, Leong T, Bennett JM, et al. Plasmablastic morphology–an independent prognostic factor with clinical and laboratory correlates: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) myeloma trial E9486 report by the ECOG Myeloma Laboratory Group. Blood. 1998;91:2501–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Bartl R, Frisch B, Burkhardt R, et al. Bone marrow histology in myeloma: its importance in diagnosis, prognosis, classification and staging. Br J Haematol. 1982;51:361–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Bartl R, Frisch B, Fateh-Moghadam A, Kettner G, Jaeger K, Sommerfeld W. Histologic classification and staging of multiple myeloma. A retrospective and prospective study of 674 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1987;87:342–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hoyer JD, Hanson CA, Fonseca R, Greipp PR, Dewald GW, Kurtin PJ. The (11;14)(q13;q32) translocation in multiple myeloma. A morphologic and immunohistochemical study. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;113:831–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Garand R, vet-Loiseau H, Accard F, Moreau P, Harousseau JL, Bataille R. t(11;14) and t(4;14) translocations correlated with mature lymphoplasmacytoid and immature morphology, respectively, in multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2003;17:2032–5.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lin P, Mahdavy M, Zhan F, Zhang HZ, Katz RL, Shaughnessy JD. Expression of PAX5 in CD20-positive multiple myeloma assessed by immunohistochemistry and oligonucleotide microarray. Mod Pathol: Off J US Can Acad Pathol, Inc 2004;17:1217–22.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Alapat D, Viswanatha D, Xie M, Lorsbach R. Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) with immunophenotypic features transitional between that of myeloma and lymphoma. Mod Pathol: Off J US Can Acad Pathol, Inc 2012;25:321A.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Lin P, Hao S, Handy BC, Bueso-Ramos CE, Medeiros LJ. Lymphoid neoplasms associated with IgM paraprotein: a study of 382 patients. Am J Clin Pathol. 2005;123:200–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Jenner E. Serum free light chains in clinical laboratory diagnostics. Clin Chim Acta. 2013;427:15–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Drayson M, Tang LX, Drew R, Mead GP, Carr-Smith H, Bradwell AR. Serum free light-chain measurements for identifying and monitoring patients with nonsecretory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2001;97:2900–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Avet-Loiseau H, Garand R, Lode L, Harousseau JL, Bataille R. Translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) is the hallmark of IgM, IgE, and nonsecretory multiple myeloma variants. Blood. 2003;101:1570–1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Ramos J, Alapat D, Lorsbach RB. Characterization of non-secretory plasma cell myeloma. Manuscript in preparation 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Cogne M, Guglielmi P. Exon skipping without splice site mutation accounting for abnormal immunoglobulin chains in nonsecretory human myeloma. Eur J Immunol. 1993;23:1289–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Coriu D, Weaver K, Schell M, et al. A molecular basis for nonsecretory myeloma. Blood. 2004;104:829–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Ramsingh G, Mehan P, Luo J, Vij R, Morgensztern D. Primary plasma cell leukemia: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database analysis between 1973 and 2004. Cancer. 2009;115:5734–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Fernandez de Larrea C, Kyle RA, Durie BG, et al. Plasma cell leukemia: consensus statement on diagnostic requirements, response criteria and treatment recommendations by the International Myeloma Working Group. Leukemia. 2013;27:780–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Garcia-Sanz R, Orfao A, Gonzalez M, et al. Primary plasma cell leukemia: clinical, immunophenotypic, DNA ploidy, and cytogenetic characteristics. Blood. 1999;93:1032–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Tiedemann RE, Gonzalez-Paz N, Kyle RA, et al. Genetic aberrations and survival in plasma cell leukemia. Leukemia. 2008;22:1044–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE, et al. Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78:21–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Merlini G, Stone MJ. Dangerous small B-cell clones. Blood. 2006;108:2520–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Vrana JA, Gamez JD, Madden BJ, Theis JD, Bergen HR III, Dogan A. Classification of amyloidosis by laser microdissection and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis in clinical biopsy specimens. Blood. 2009;114:4957–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Desikan KR, Dhodapkar MV, Hough A, et al. Incidence and impact of light chain associated (AL) amyloidosis on the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma treated with autologous transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma. 1997;27:315–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Bahlis NJ, Lazarus HM. Multiple myeloma-associated AL amyloidosis: is a distinctive therapeutic approach warranted? Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006;38:7–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Jones D, Bhatia VK, Krausz T, Pinkus GS. Crystal-storing histiocytosis: a disorder occurring in plasmacytic tumors expressing immunoglobulin kappa light chain. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:1441–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Lebeau A, Zeindl-Eberhart E, Muller EC, et al. Generalized crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with monoclonal gammopathy: molecular analysis of a disorder with rapid clinical course and review of the literature. Blood. 2002;100:1817–27.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Ionescu DN, Pierson DM, Qing G, Li M, Colby TV, Leslie KO. Pulmonary crystal-storing histiocytoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2005;129:1159–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Abildgaard N, Bendix-Hansen K, Kristensen JE, et al. Bone marrow fibrosis and disease activity in multiple myeloma monitored by the aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen III in serum. Br J Haematol. 1997;99:641–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Subramanian R, Basu D, Dutta TK. Significance of bone marrow fibrosis in multiple myeloma. Pathology. 2007;39:512–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Babarovic E, Valkovic T, Stifter S, et al. Assessment of bone marrow fibrosis and angiogenesis in monitoring patients with multiple myeloma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2012;137:870–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Brouet JC, Fermand JP, Laurent G, et al. The association of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma: a study of eleven patients. Br J Haematol. 1985;59:55–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Chang H, Wechalekar A, Li L, Reece D. Molecular cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with concurrent chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma shown by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization: evidence of distinct clonal origin. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2004;148:44–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kaufmann H, Ackermann J, Nosslinger T, et al. Absence of clonal chromosomal relationship between concomitant B-CLL and multiple myeloma—a report on two cases. Ann Hematol. 2001;80:474–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Seegmiller AC, Xu Y, McKenna RW, Karandikar NJ. Immunophenotypic differentiation between neoplastic plasma cells in mature B-cell lymphoma vs plasma cell myeloma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;127:176–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Morice WG, Chen D, Kurtin PJ, Hanson CA, McPhail ED. Novel immunophenotypic features of marrow lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and correlation with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. Mod Pathol. 2009;22:807–16.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Rosado FG, Morice WG, He R, Howard MT, Timm M, McPhail ED. Immunophenotypic features by multiparameter flow cytometry can help distinguish low grade B-cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation from plasma cell proliferative disorders with an unrelated clonal B-cell process. Br J Haematol. 2015;169:368–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Hagen W, Schwarzmeier J, Walchshofer S, et al. A case of bone marrow mastocytosis associated with multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol. 1998;76:167–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Motwani P, Kocoglu M, Lorsbach RB. Systemic mastocytosis in association with plasma cell dyscrasias: report of a case and review of the literature. Leuk Res. 2009;33:856–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Stellmacher F, Sotlar K, Balleisen L, Valent P, Horny HP. Bone marrow mastocytosis associated with IgM kappa plasma cell myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004;45:801–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Chilosi M, Adami F, Lestani M, et al. CD138/syndecan-1: a useful immunohistochemical marker of normal and neoplastic plasma cells on routine trephine bone marrow biopsies. Mod Pathol. 1999;12:1101–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Costes V, Magen V, Legouffe E, et al. The Mi15 monoclonal antibody (anti-syndecan-1) is a reliable marker for quantifying plasma cells in paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsy specimens. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:1405–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. O’Connell FP, Pinkus JL, Pinkus GS. CD138 (syndecan-1), a plasma cell marker immunohistochemical profile in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic neoplasms. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;121:254–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Al-Quran SZ, Yang L, Magill JM, Braylan RC, Douglas-Nikitin VK. Assessment of bone marrow plasma cell infiltrates in multiple myeloma: the added value of CD138 immunohistochemistry. Hum Pathol. 2007;38:1779–87.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Ng AP, Wei A, Bhurani D, Chapple P, Feleppa F, Juneja S. The sensitivity of CD138 immunostaining of bone marrow trephine specimens for quantifying marrow involvement in MGUS and myeloma, including samples with a low percentage of plasma cells. Haematologica. 2006;91:972–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Chu PG, Arber DA, Weiss LM. Expression of T/NK-cell and plasma cell antigens in nonhematopoietic epithelioid neoplasms. An immunohistochemical study of 447 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;120:64–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Kambham N, Kong C, Longacre TA, Natkunam Y. Utility of syndecan-1 (CD138) expression in the diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms: a tissue microarray study of 1,754 cases. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2005;13:304–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Bayer-Garner IB, Sanderson RD, Dhodapkar MV, Owens RB, Wilson CS. Syndecan-1 (CD138) immunoreactivity in bone marrow biopsies of multiple myeloma: shed syndecan-1 accumulates in fibrotic regions. Mod Pathol. 2001;14:1052–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Mahtouk K, Hose D, Raynaud P, et al. Heparanase influences expression and shedding of syndecan-1, and its expression by the bone marrow environment is a bad prognostic factor in multiple myeloma. Blood. 2007;109:4914–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Shaffer AL, Emre NC, Lamy L, et al. IRF4 addiction in multiple myeloma. Nature. 2008;454:226–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Falini B, Fizzotti M, Pucciarini A, et al. A monoclonal antibody (MUM1p) detects expression of the MUM1/IRF4 protein in a subset of germinal center B cells, plasma cells, and activated T cells. Blood. 2000;95:2084–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Natkunam Y, Warnke RA, Montgomery K, Falini B, Van de RM. Analysis of MUM1/IRF4 protein expression using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. Mod Pathol. 2001;14:686–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Klopfenstein DR, Klumperman J, Lustig A, Kammerer RA, Oorschot V, Hauri HP. Subdomain-specific localization of CLIMP-63 (p63) in the endoplasmic reticulum is mediated by its luminal alpha-helical segment. J Cell Biol. 2001;153:1287–300.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Banham AH, Turley H, Pulford K, Gatter K, Mason DY. The plasma cell associated antigen detectable by antibody VS38 is the p63 rough endoplasmic reticulum protein. J Clin Pathol. 1997;50:485–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Turley H, Jones M, Erber W, Mayne K, de WM, Gatter K. VS38: a new monoclonal antibody for detecting plasma cell differentiation in routine sections. J Clin Pathol 1994;47:418–22.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Shanks JH, Banerjee SS. VS38 immunostaining in melanocytic lesions. J Clin Pathol. 1996;49:205–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  80. Beck RC, Tubbs RR, Hussein M, Pettay J, Hsi ED. Automated colorimetric in situ hybridization (CISH) detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain mRNA expression in plasma cell (PC) dyscrasias and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Diagn Mol Pathol: Am J Surg Pathol, part B. 2003;12:14–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Lin P, Owens R, Tricot G, Wilson CS. Flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis of 306 cases of multiple myeloma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;121:482–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Mateo G, Montalban MA, Vidriales MB, et al. Prognostic value of immunophenotyping in multiple myeloma: a study by the PETHEMA/GEM cooperative study groups on patients uniformly treated with high-dose therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:2737–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Robillard N, vet-Loiseau H, Garand R, et al. CD20 is associated with a small mature plasma cell morphology and t(11;14) in multiple myeloma. Blood 2003;102:1070–1.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Cook JR, Hsi ED, Worley S, Tubbs RR, Hussein M. Immunohistochemical analysis identifies two cyclin D1+ subsets of plasma cell myeloma, each associated with favorable survival. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006;125:615–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Heerema-McKenney A, Waldron J, Hughes S, et al. Clinical, immunophenotypic, and genetic characterization of small lymphocyte-like plasma cell myeloma: a potential mimic of mature B-cell lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2010;133:265–70.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  86. Torlakovic E, Torlakovic G, Nguyen PL, Brunning RD, Delabie J. The value of anti-pax-5 immunostaining in routinely fixed and paraffin-embedded sections: a novel pan pre-B and B-cell marker. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:1343–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Feldman AL, Dogan A. Diagnostic uses of Pax5 immunohistochemistry. Adv Anat Pathol. 2007;14:323–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Almeida J, Orfao A, Ocqueteau M, et al. High-sensitive immunophenotyping and DNA ploidy studies for the investigation of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 1999;107:121–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Van CB, Durie BG, Spier C, et al. Plasma cells in multiple myeloma express a natural killer cell-associated antigen: CD56 (NKH-1; Leu-19). Blood. 1990;76:377–82.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Garcia-Sanz R, Gonzalez M, Orfao A, et al. Analysis of natural killer-associated antigens in peripheral blood and bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients and prognostic implications. Br J Haematol. 1996;93:81–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Ely SA, Knowles DM. Expression of CD56/neural cell adhesion molecule correlates with the presence of lytic bone lesions in multiple myeloma and distinguishes myeloma from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and lymphomas with plasmacytoid differentiation. Am J Pathol. 2002;160:1293–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Morice WG. The immunophenotypic attributes of NK cells and NK-cell lineage lymphoproliferative disorders. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;127:881–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA

    Soumya Pandey

  2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave., ML 1035, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Robert B. Lorsbach

Authors
  1. Soumya Pandey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robert B. Lorsbach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soumya Pandey .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. for Medical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, LITTLE ROCK, Arkansas, USA

    Robert B. Lorsbach

  2. Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

    Marwan Yared

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pandey, S., Lorsbach, R.B. (2016). Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Plasma Cell Neoplasms. In: Lorsbach, R., Yared, M. (eds) Plasma Cell Neoplasms. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42370-8_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42370-8_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42368-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42370-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation