Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

A Modern Nordic Saga : Politics, Economy and Society pp 259–278Cite as

The “Export Products” of North European Countries

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 579 Accesses

Abstract

The high level of engagement of Scandinavians in peace-promoting initiatives and a great demand for their services as mediators are clear proof of their abilities and achievements. Mediation has become a specific export product there and representatives of the Nordic countries have for years worked diligently to earn the image of impartial, honest and competent mediators. Not only are they good but also willing to aid the third-world countries and support the rebuilding of a given region once the conflict is resolved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    One needs to keeps in mind that the real course of negotiations, due to its delicate and confidential nature, is seldom made public and practically never published.

  2. 2.

    See: http://www.un.org/Depts/dpa/intro.html.

  3. 3.

    Finnish politician and diplomat, President of Finland in the years 1994–2000; he contributed greatly to peace-keeping process in Namibia, Kosovo, Northern Ireland, and Indonesia’s Aceh Province; for his peace-keeping activities, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008.

  4. 4.

    See: DPCR and UCDP Database.

  5. 5.

    More on the subject at: http://www.pcr.uu.se/pcr_doc/other_pub/Negotiating%20Peace.pdf.

  6. 6.

    See: J. Wooding, Wikingowie.

  7. 7.

    See: R. Sale, Poradnik ksenofoba. Islandczycy and P. Berlin, Poradnik ksenofoba. Szwedzi.

  8. 8.

    See: E. Roesdahl, Historia Wikingów. Narody i cywilizacje and From Vikings to Peacemongers,The Nordics work hard at being the world’s conscience.

  9. 9.

    Norwegian oceanographer and polar researcher; the League’s High Commissioner for Refugees; was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work for the repatriation of the prisoners of war after WWI.

  10. 10.

    Swedish diplomat, starting in July 1944, a secretary of the Swedish Embassy in Budapest where he supervised the assistance extended to Hungarian Jews, which allowed him to save ca. 100 thousand people from the Holocaust; in 1945 arrested by NKVD (the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs, Soviet secret police) with the charge of spying for the US, and secretly transported to Moscow to be never heard of again; died probably in one of the lagers in Siberia in 1947.

  11. 11.

    Swedish humanitarian activist, member of the royal family; actively supported the activities of the International Red Cross and the process of POWs exchange in both world wars; in 1945, he attempted a mediation regarding the capitulation of Germany; in 1948, he went to the Palestine as a UN mediator and was murdered by Jewish extremists when trying to negotiate a ceasefire.

  12. 12.

    The second Secretary-General of the United Nations in history (1953–1961); during the period of a double crisis caused by the Soviet intervention in Hungary and 1956 and the Tripartite British-French-Israeli Aggression connected with the Suez Canal, he proved himself as a neutral and peace-seeking negotiator; he died in a peace mission in Congo in 1961 and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize posthumously.

  13. 13.

    Swedish politician, in the years 1969–1976 and 1982–1986 prime minister of Sweden conducting very active international policy; author of many disarmament initiatives and confidence-building measures (CBM) in Europe, among others chaired the Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security (so-called Palme Commission); in 1980s, he undertook the mediation efforts in the Iran–Iraq conflict.

  14. 14.

    Swedish diplomat and politician; Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs in the years 1978–79, for many years Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); until June 2003, the head of the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission searching Iraq for weapons of mass destruction; Olof Palme Prize laureate.

  15. 15.

    See: P. Berlin, Poradnik ksenofoba. Szwedzi and R. M. Czarny, Swedish Arms Industry and the Swedish Practice of Neutrality Politics.

  16. 16.

    See: http://www.cgdev.org/initiative/commitment-development-index/index.

  17. 17.

    See: B. Piotrowski, Integracja Skandynawii. Od Rady Nordyckiej do wspólnoty europejskiej.

  18. 18.

    In February 2009, the Stoltenberg Report was published, treating on strengthening Nordic foreign and security policy cooperation, requested by Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Amon others, it proposes a Nordic stabilization task force, Nordic cooperation on surveillance of Icelandic airspace, cooperation on Arctic issues and on a network to protect against cyber-attacks, as well as introduction of a mutual declaration of solidarity which would include binding security policy guarantees to be an equivalent of Article 5 of the Washington Treaty.

  19. 19.

    See: http://www.developmentstudies.eu/.

  20. 20.

    Total flows by donor (ODA + OOF + Private) [DAC1], http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?datasetcode=TABLE1.

  21. 21.

    See: R. M. Czarny, Teoretyczne i praktyczne aspekty neutralności Szwecji.

  22. 22.

    More on the subject in: R. M. Czarny, Die Neutralitätspolitik als Sicherheitsproblem des Königreiches Schweden.

  23. 23.

    The concept of foreign policy realized by two consecutive presidents of the Republic: J.K. Paasikivi (1946–1956) and U.K. Kekkonen (1956–1981).

  24. 24.

    Compare: J. Pawlicki, Patrząc na Gruzję, Finlandia duma o NATO and Sondaż: Finowie po raz kolejny mówią NATO„ nie”.

  25. 25.

    See: K. Dośpiał-Borysiak, Polityka Szwecji i Finlandii w regionie Morza Bałtyckiego.

  26. 26.

    See: Variety Show.

  27. 27.

    More on the subject in: J. Gryz, Szwedzka polityka neutralności.

  28. 28.

    See more on the subject among others in: M. af Malmborg, Neutraliteten och den svenska identiteten, pp. 55–67; S. Åström, Efter neutraliteten – ny svensk doktryn behövs, pp. 24–39; K. Wahlbäck, Efter neutraliteten, pp. 36–44; K. Goldmann, Neutralitetspolitiken som dubbelpolitik, pp. 72–82.

  29. 29.

    See: Variety Show.

  30. 30.

    Ryan C. Hendrickson is a professor of political science at Eastern Illinois University and author of Diplomacy and War at NATO: The Secretary General and Military Action After the Cold War (University of Missouri Press, 2006).

  31. 31.

    Scandinavian languages (the Nordic languages, Norse, North Germanic languages) – the North Germanic language group used by nearly 18 M speakers inhabiting Northern Europe, and more precisely such countries as Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands. Scandinavian languages make one of the three main groups of the Germanic languages, along with the East Germanic languages and the West Germanic languages. In the period between 400 BCE and 100 BCE, two main branches evolved: East Scandinavian languages (later Danish and Swedish), and West Scandinavian languages (later on Norwegian, Faroese and Icelandic). A significant differentiation present among Scandinavian dialects took place around 800 CE.

  32. 32.

    Finnish belongs to the Baltic-Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages of the Uralic language family.

  33. 33.

    Corruption Perceptions Index 2015 https://www.transparency.org/cpi2015 and The perceived levels of public sector corruption in 177 countries/territories around the world, Transparency International’s Annual Report 2013, and http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/exporting_corruption_progress_report_2015_assessing_enforcement_of_the_oecd.

  34. 34.

    See: http://www.unitar.org/pmcp/.

  35. 35.

    See: http://www.ssrc.org/programs/cppf/.

  36. 36.

    See: P. Sierpień, Niepodległe Kosowo.

References

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chair of North European Countries Dept., Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland

    Ryszard M. Czarny

Authors
  1. Ryszard M. Czarny
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Czarny, R.M. (2017). The “Export Products” of North European Countries. In: A Modern Nordic Saga : Politics, Economy and Society. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42363-0_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation