Skip to main content

Toward Non-visual Graphics Representations on Vibratory Touchscreens: Shape Exploration and Identification

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Haptics: Perception, Devices, Control, and Applications (EuroHaptics 2016)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 9775))

Abstract

Considerable advancements in vibratory and auditory feedback have transformed the touchscreen from a simple visual input/output device to one that is highly interactive and multimodal. While auditory feedback is useful in tasks where dictation is sufficient, it can be tedious and limited in tasks that require interpretation of graphics. In this work, we focus on exploration procedures, identification accuracy of graphics, and how repetition at smaller scales may help users identify similar graphics when only vibratory feedback is used on touchscreens. We conducted shape identification tasks with 56 blindfolded participants. Results suggest users are able to reliably identify basic 2D shapes within 90 s using only haptic feedback. Users were also able to identify smaller shapes with thin vibrating borders at rates comparable to their larger counterparts after being exposed to the larger shapes first. We also make observations on successful exploratory procedures employed and compare approaches among users. These findings serve to inform non-visual interface design using haptic feedback capabilities on touchscreens.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Minogue, J., Jones, M.G.: Haptics in education: exploring an untapped sensory modality. Rev. Educ. Res. 76(3), 317–348 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Levesque, V., Oram, L., MacLean, K., Cockburn, A., Marchuk, N., Johnson, D., Colgate, J., Peshkin, M.: Enhancing physicality in touch interaction with programmable friction. In: Computer and Human Interaction, pp. 2481–2490 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Akamatsu, M., MacKenzie, I.: Movement characteristics using a mouse with tactile and force feedback. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 45, 483–493 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Pitts, M., Burnett, G., Skrypchuk, L., Wellings, T., Attrige, M., Williams, A.: Visual-haptic feedback interaction in automotive touchscreens. Displays 33, 7–16 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Leung, R., MacLean, K., Bertelsen, M., Saubhasik, M.: Evaluation of a haptically augmented touchscreen gui elements under congitive load. In: International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces, pp. 374–381 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Goncu, C., Marriott, K.: GraVVITAS: generic multi-touch presentation of accessible graphics. In: Campos, P., Graham, N., Jorge, J., Nunes, N., Palanque, P., Winckler, M. (eds.) INTERACT 2011, Part I. LNCS, vol. 6946, pp. 30–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Mullenbach, J., Shultz, C., Colgate, J.E., Piper, A.M.: Exploring affective communication through variable-friction surface haptics. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 3963–3972. ACM (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bau, O., Poupyrev, I., Israr, A., Harrison, C.: Teslatouch: Electrovibration for touch surfaces. In: Proceedings of the 23nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 283–292. ACM (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  9. O’Modhrain, S., Giudice, N.A., Gardner, J.A., Legge, G.E.: Designing media for visually-impaired users of refreshable touch display: possibilities and pitfalls. Trans. Haptics 8(3), 248–257 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Klatzky, R.L., Giudice, N.A., Bennett, C.R., Loomis, J.M.: Touch-screen technology for the dynamic display of 2d spatial information without vision: promise and progress. Multisensory Res. 27, 359–378 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Palani, H.P., Giudice, N.A.: Evaluation of non-visual panning operatoins using touch-screen devices. In: Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility, pp. 293–294. ACM (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Giudice, N.A., Palani, H.P., Brenner, E., Kramer, K.M.: Learning non-visual graphical information using a touch-based vibro-audio interface. In: Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility, pp. 103–110. ACM (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Craig, J.C.: Anomalous sensations following prolonged tactile stimulation. Neuropsycholog 31(3), 277–291 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gentaz, E., Hatwell, Y.: Geometrical haptic illusions: the role of explorationin the mller-lyer, verticalhorizontal, and delboeuf illusions. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 11(1), 31–40 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Klatzky, R.L., Lederman, S.J., Metzger, V.A.: Identifying objects by touch: an “expert system”. Percept. Psychophysics 37(4), 299–302 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Klatzky, R.L., Lederman, S.J., Reed, C.: There’s more to touch than meets the eye: the salience of object attributes for haptics with and without vision. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 116(4), 356–369 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Davidson, P.W.: Haptic judgments of curvature by blind and sighted humans. J. Exp. Psychol. 93(1), 43–55 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Vinter, A., Fernandes, V., Orlandi, O., Morgan, P.: Exploratory procedures of tactile images in visually impaired and blindfolded sighted children: how they relate to their consequent performance in drawing. Res. Dev. Disabil. 33, 1819–1831 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Withagen, A., Kappers, A.M., Vervloed, M.P., Knoors, H., Verhoeven, L.: Haptic object matching by blind and sighted adults and children. Acta Psychologi. 139, 261–271 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lederman, S.J., Klatzky, R.L.: Hand movements: a window into haptic object recognition. Cognitive Psychol. 19, 342–368 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Magee, L.E., Kennedy, J.M.: Exploring pictures tactually. Nature 283, 287–288 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Raja, M.K.: The development and validation of a new smartphone based non-visual spatial interface for learning indoor layouts, Master’s thesis, The University of Maine (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gorlewicz, J.L., Burgner, J., Withrow, T.J., Webster III, R.J.: Initial experiences using vibratory touchscreens to display graphical math concepts to students with visual impairments. J. Spec. Educ. Technol. 29(2), 17–25 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Millar, S.: Space and Sense. Psychology Press, New York (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Immersion. Immersion developer zone (2015). http://www2.immersion.com/developers/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jennifer L. Tennison .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Tennison, J.L., Gorlewicz, J.L. (2016). Toward Non-visual Graphics Representations on Vibratory Touchscreens: Shape Exploration and Identification. In: Bello, F., Kajimoto, H., Visell, Y. (eds) Haptics: Perception, Devices, Control, and Applications. EuroHaptics 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9775. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42324-1_38

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42324-1_38

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42323-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42324-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics