Abstract
The endoscopy of the urinary system is commonly utilized for diagnostic purposes and treatment of both lower and upper urinary tract system diseases in children and neonates. Achieving a high success and a low complication rate in pediatric urological endoscopy depends on surgeon’s expertise and availability of endoscopic instruments and surgical suit setup.
Pediatric urological endoscopy should be performed with proper sized rigid and flexible endoscopes, in a surgical suit specifically set up for pediatric age patients. The recent improvements in the pediatric endoscopic instruments have facilitated further diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures.
Pediatric urologic endoscopy is used for evaluation and concomitant treatment of conditions such as urethral stricture, posterior urethral valve, urethral diverticula, urethral duplication, utricular cyst, urethral polyps, bladder polyps or tumors, bladder neck stenosis, ureterocele, duplicated collecting system, vesicoureteral reflux, neurogenic bladder, bladder diverticula, bladder Botox injection, evaluation of hematuria, etc. in children who presented voiding dysfunction symptoms and signs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Mirone V, Franco M. Clinical aspects of antimicrobial prophylaxis for invasive urological procedures. J Chemother. 2014;26(Suppl 1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1179/1120009X14Z.000000000232.
Bootsma AM, Laguna Pes MP, Geerlings SE, Goossens A. Antibiotic prophylaxis in urologic procedures:a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2008;54(6):1270–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2008.03.033.
Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED, Wein AJ. Campbell-Walsh Urology. In: Docimo SG, Peters CA, editors. Pediatric Endourology and laparoscopy. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007. p. 131.
Hsiao KC, Baez-Trinidad L, Lendvay T, Smith EA, Broecker B, Scherz H, Kirsch AJ. Direct vision internal urethrotomy for the treatment of pediatric urethral strictures: analysis of 50 patients. J Urol. 2003;170(3):952–5.
Snodgrass W, Villanueva C, Bush NC. Duration of follow-up to diagnose hypospadias urethroplasty complications. J Ped Urol. 2014;10:208–11.
Gargollo PC, Cai AW, Borer JG, Retik AB. Management of recurrent urethral strictures after hypospadias repair: is there a role for repeat dilation or endoscopic incision? J Ped Urol. 2011;7:34–8.
Husmann DA, Rathbun SR. Long-term Followup of visual internal Urethrotomy for Management of Short (less than 1 cm) penile urethral strictures following hypospadias repair. J Urol. 2006;176:1738–41.
Launonen E, Sairanen J, Ruutu M, Taskinen S. Role of visual internal urethrotomy in pediatric urethral strictures. J Ped Urol. 2014;10:545–9.
Issı Y, Bıçakçı Ü, Yağız B, Germiyanoğlu C, Arıtürk E and Bernay F. Transurethral ıncısıon of anterıor urethral dıvertıculum (syringocele) 26th ESPU Congress, Joint Meeting with ICCS + SPU + AAP/SOU + AAPU + SFU. https://www.espu.org/images/documents/mc_Abstract_book_ESPU_2015.pdf
Prakash J, Dalela D, Goel A, Singh V, Kumar M, Garg M, Mandal S, Sankhwar SN, Paul S, Singh BP. Congenital anterior urethral valve with or without diverticulum: a single-centre experience. J Ped Urol. 2013;9:1183–7.
Kibar Y, Coban H, Irkılata HC, Erdemir F, Seckin B, Dayanc M. Anterior urethral valves: an uncommon cause of obstructive uropathy in children. J Ped Urol. 2007;3:350–3.
Routh JC, McGee SM, Ashley RA, Reinberg Y, Vandersteen DR. Predicting renal outcomes in children with anterior urethral valves: a systematic review. J Urol. 2010;184:1615–9.
Zia-ul-Miraj M. Anterior urethral valves: a rare cause of Infravesical obstruction in children. J Ped Surg. 2000;35(4):556–8.
Desautel MG, Stock J, Hanna MK. Mullerıan duct remnants: surgıcal management and fertılıty ıssues. J Urol. 1999;162:1008–14.
Coppens L, Bonnet P, Andrıanne R, Leval J. Adult mullerıan duct or utrıcle cyst: clınıcal sıgnıfıcance and therapeutıc management of 65 cases. J Urol. 2002;167:1740–4.
Priyadarshi V, Singh JP, Mishra S, Vijay MK, Pal DK, Kundu AK. Prostatic utricle cyst: a clinical dilemma. APSP J Case Rep. 2013;4(2):16.
Akbarzadeh A, Khorramirouz R, Kajbafzadeh AM. Congenital urethral polyps in children: report of 18 patients and review of literature. J Pediatr Surg. 2014;49(5):835–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.02.080.
Hodges SJ, Patel B, McLorie G, Atala A. Posterior urethral valves. The Scientific world J. 2009;9:1119–26.
Orumuah AJ, Oduagbon OE. Presentation, management, and outcome of posterior urethral valves in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Afr J Paed Surg. 2015;12:18–22.
Hodges SJ, Patel B, McLorie G, Atala A. Posterior urethral valves. The Scientific World J. 2009;9:1119–26.
Lopez PJ, Celis S, Reed F, Zubieta R. Vesicoureteral reflux: current management in children. Curr Urol Rep. 2014;15(10):447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-014-0447-9.
Fanos V, Cataldi L. Antibiotics or surgery for vesicoureteric reflux in children. Lancet. 2004;364:1720–2.
Tekgül S, Riedmiller H, Hoebeke P, Kočvara R, Nijman RJ, Radmayr C, Stein R, Dogan HS, European Association of Urology. EAU guidelines on vesicoureteral reflux in children. Eur Urol. 2012;62(3):534–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.05.059.
Rawat J, Rashid KA, Kanojia RP, Kureel SN, Tandon RK. Diagnosis and management of congenital bladder diverticulum in infancy and childhood: experience with nine cases at a tertiary health center in a developing country. Int Urol Nephrol. 2009;41(2):237–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-008-9443-7.
Psutka SP, Cendron M. Bladder diverticula in children. J Pediatr Urol. 2013;9(2):129–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.02.013.
Garat JM, Angerri O, Caffaratti J, Moscatiello P, Villavicencio H. Primary congenital bladder diverticula in children. Urology. 2007;70(5):984–8.
Timberlake MD, Corbett ST. Minimally invasive techniques for management of the ureterocele and ectopic ureter: upper tract versus lower tract approach. Urol Clin North Am. 2015;42(1):61–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2014.09.006.
Merlini E, Lelli CP. Obstructive ureterocele-an ongoing challenge. World J Urol. 2004;22(2):107–14.
Sander JC, Bilgutay AN, Stanasel I, Koh CJ, Janzen N, Gonzales ET, Roth DR, Seth A. Outcomes of endoscopic incision for the treatment of ureterocele in children at a single institution. J Urol. 2015;193(2):662–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.08.095.
Shokeir AA, Nijman RJ. Ureterocele: an ongoing challenge in infancy and childhood. BJU Int. 2002;90(8):777–83.
Patel R, Tery T, Ninan GK. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in first decade of life. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008;24(11):1265–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-008-2251-4.
Korrect GS, Minevich EA, Sivan B. High-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the pediatric bladder. J Pediatr Urol. 2012;8(3):36–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.10.024.
Aguiar L, Danialan R, Kim C. A case of high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a pediatric patient with turner syndrome. Urology. 2015;85(6):1477–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2014.12.038.
Chancellor MB, Elovic E, Esquenazi A, Naumann M, Segal KR, Schiavo G, Smith CP, Ward AB. Evidence-based review and assessment of botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of urologic conditions. Toxicon. 2013;67:129–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.020.
Hassouna T, Gleason JM, Lorenzo AJ. Botulinum toxin A's expanding role in the management of pediatric lower urinary tract dysfunction. Curr Urol Rep. 2014;15(8):426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-014-0426-1.
Figueroa V, Romao R, Pippi Salle JL, Koyle MA, Braga LH, Bagli DJ, Lorenzo AJ. Single-center experience with botulinum toxin endoscopic detrusor injection for the treatment of congenital neuropathic bladder in children: effect of dose adjustment, multiple injections, and avoidance of reconstructive procedures. J Pediatr Urol. 2014;10(2):368–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.10.011.
Game X, Mouracade P, Chartier-Kastler E, Viehweger E, Moog R, Amarenco G, Denys P, De Seze M, Haab F, Karsenty G, Kerdraon J, Perrouin-Verbe B, Ruffion A, Soler JM, Saussine C. Botulinum toxin-a (Botox) intradetrusor injections in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity/neurogenic overactive bladder: a systematic literature review. J Pediatr Urol. 2009;5(3):156–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.01.005.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ucar, M., Keskin, S., Yucel, S. (2018). Endoscopy. In: Mosiello, G., Del Popolo, G., Wen, J., De Gennaro, M. (eds) Clinical Urodynamics in Childhood and Adolescence. Urodynamics, Neurourology and Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42193-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42193-3_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42191-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42193-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)