Abstract
Pelvic floor rehabilitation and biofeedback have gained an important role in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction in children in the past 20 years. Since the identification and classification by the International Children’s Continence Society of different types of functional dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, the same instrumentation used to make the diagnosis has been used to correct inappropriate behavior. This has gradually led to avoidance of invasive procedures and commencement of rehabilitation with simple methods, gaining more confidence and motivation from children and families. The good results have been rapidly increasing the indications and expanding the modalities to approach the different types of dysfunction. Unfortunately only a few randomized controlled and prospective studies have clearly demonstrated the validity of this approach, and further evaluations in this field should be done. Nevertheless, nowadays the majority of children unresponsive to standard urotherapy can be treated and cured with pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation and/or biofeedback. Only a few cases are still refractory and need further treatment such as psychotherapy, pharmacological therapy, electrical stimulation, or surgery.
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Sandri, S.D. (2018). Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation and Biofeedback. In: Mosiello, G., Del Popolo, G., Wen, J., De Gennaro, M. (eds) Clinical Urodynamics in Childhood and Adolescence. Urodynamics, Neurourology and Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42193-3_26
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