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Clinical Urodynamics in Childhood and Adolescence pp 11–20Cite as

Clinical Evaluation: History Taking and Urological, Gynaecological and Neurological Evaluation

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Part of the book series: Urodynamics, Neurourology and Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions ((UNPFD))

Abstract

Most children referred for urodynamic studies already have specific pathological diagnoses such as spinal dysraphism, spinal cord injury or cerebral palsy as well as voiding dysfunction. When paediatric urologists need to evaluate a child, an understanding of the main complaints, a detailed medical history as well as a focused physical examination are essential for setting up an appropriate management strategy for these patients. The comprehensive history should reflect the general health status in addition to a specific voiding and defecation history. Frequency-volume charts, voiding diaries, and symptom scores will be helpful for a sufficient workup. Physical examination should cover the inspection and palpation of the abdomen, genitalia and with special attention the back of the child. While urological examination focuses on external genitalia, neurological examination includes the assessment of perineal sensation, the perineal reflexes from the sacral segments and anal sphincter tone and control. Asymmetry of the buttocks, legs or feet and other signs of occult spinal dysraphism in the lumbosacral area have to be investigated carefully. Gynaecological examination can provide important information on external genitalia as well as the introitus, the urethral meatus and the perineum.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Cevdet Kaya M.D.

  2. Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria

    Christian Radmayr M.D.

Authors
  1. Cevdet Kaya M.D.
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  2. Christian Radmayr M.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christian Radmayr M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric NeuroUrology Research and Clinic, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy

    Giovanni Mosiello

  2. Neurourology Department, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy

    Giulio Del Popolo

  3. Pediatric Urodynamic Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China

    Jian Guo Wen

  4. Urology Unit, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy

    Mario De Gennaro

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Kaya, C., Radmayr, C. (2018). Clinical Evaluation: History Taking and Urological, Gynaecological and Neurological Evaluation. In: Mosiello, G., Del Popolo, G., Wen, J., De Gennaro, M. (eds) Clinical Urodynamics in Childhood and Adolescence. Urodynamics, Neurourology and Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42193-3_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42193-3_2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42191-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42193-3

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