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Physico-Chemical Processes

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Processes Determining Surface Water Chemistry

Abstract

Main physico-chemical processes regarding to surface water are summarized and discussed in this chapter in details focusing on acid-base balance; dissociation of acids and bases; hydrolysis of metal ions, complexation processes with inorganic and organic ligands; processes of sorption-desorption in “water-particulates – bottom sediments” system. Theoretical considerations illustrated with respective formulas and graphs are supplemented with extensive field data and results of computations. Chapter can serve as a valuable source of reference information in the field of natural water chemistry and water quality assessment from the point of view of chemical substances transformations.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Influence of complexation processes on metals hydroxides hydrolysis and solubility is considered in Sects. 3.3.3 and 3.5.3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine

    Volodymyr Osadchyy, Bogdan Nabyvanets, Nataliia Osadcha & Yurii Nabyvanets

  2. Institute of Hydrobiology, Kyiv, Ukraine

    Petro Linnik

Authors
  1. Volodymyr Osadchyy
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  2. Bogdan Nabyvanets
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  3. Petro Linnik
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  4. Nataliia Osadcha
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  5. Yurii Nabyvanets
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Correspondence to Volodymyr Osadchyy .

Addendum

Addendum

Table 3.18 Ionic activity coefficients of inorganic compounds most common in natural waters at different values of ionic strength
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Table 3.19 H + ions activity coefficients at different ionic strength values
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Table 3.20 НСО ¯3 ions activity coefficients at different ionic strength values
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Table 3.21 Ionic activity coefficients of some organic compounds most common in natural waters at different of ionic strength values
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Table 3.22 Ionic product of water at different temperatures КH 2 O = aH + aOH¯ = [H +] [OH¯] f H + f OH¯; aH += aOH − = \( \sqrt {K_{{H_{2} O}} } \)
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Table 3.23 Solubility product of slightly soluble compounds (t = 25 °C)a
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Table 3.24 Standard redox potentials Е0 of some systems characteristic of natural waters (t = 25 °C)
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Table 3.25 Dissociation constants of acids most common in natural waters (t = 25 °C)a
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Table 3.26 Amino acids dissociation constants
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Table 3.27 Dissociation constants of bases most common in natural waters (t = 25 °C)
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Table 3.28 Humic and fulvic acid dissociation constants
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Table 3.29 Carbonic acid dissociation constants and CaCO 3 solubility product depending on water temperature
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Table 3.30 Stability constants of complex compounds most common in natural waters
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Table 3.31 Conditional stability constants of fulvic (FA) and humate (HA) metal complexes
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Table 3.32 Dependence of normal oxygen concentration (C0) in water upon temperature
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Osadchyy, V., Nabyvanets, B., Linnik, P., Osadcha, N., Nabyvanets, Y. (2016). Physico-Chemical Processes. In: Processes Determining Surface Water Chemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42159-9_3

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