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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

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Management of Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Abstract

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) were defined as a distinct biological entity in 1998, with the finding of its strong association with mutations in the oncogenes KIT or PDGFRA. Previously, GISTs were considered to be smooth muscle neoplasms often classified as leiomyosarcoma or gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors (GANT), or combinations of both. Definition and cellular origin appears to be the interstitial cell of Cajal or a precursor [1]. They commonly present as mass lesions, intra-abdominally, often of large size and with rupture and/or metastatic disease. GISTs make up one third of all visceral sarcomas (Fig. 4.1). Our original report [2] described 200 gastrointestinal stromal tumors, which was approximately 6 % of the 3500 patients with sarcoma admitted to our institution. Age and sex distribution are shown in Fig. 4.2, and lesions are distributed in the stomach, more than the small intestine, and more than other sites (Fig. 4.3). An example of a GIST of the stomach is demonstrated in Fig. 4.4.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Center Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Murray F. Brennan MD

  2. Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Cristina R. Antonescu MD

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Kaled M. Alektiar MD

  4. Monter Cancer Center, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Lake Success, NY, USA

    Robert G. Maki MD, PhD

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  4. Robert G. Maki MD, PhD
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Brennan, M.F., Antonescu, C.R., Alektiar, K.M., Maki, R.G. (2016). Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. In: Management of Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41906-0_4

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