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Stem Cells and Their Immunomodulatory Potential for the Treatment of ARDS

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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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Abstract

Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (MSCs) have potent immunomodulatory and anti-bacterial properties that are being investigated as treatment for sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Importantly, because they express various membrane pattern and damage recognition receptors, MSCs can detect specific micro-inflammatory environments and tailor their pleotropic responses accordingly. This raises the possibility that MSCs can be altered to optimize their therapeutic ability. Various mechanistic explanations have been proposed for how these cells exert their beneficial effects, including their ability and potential to: (i) Enhance tissue-endogenous stem/progenitor cell activity; (ii) Regulate genes that modulate the response to injury and repair; (iii) Transfer of cellular and genomic contents such as mitochondria and microRNAs; and (iv) Secrete paracrine factors that target key aspects of the pathophysiology of injury and repair in ARDS. This chapter focuses on summarizing current knowledge on the immunomodulatory actions of MSCs as novel immunotherapeutics for the treatment of ARDS/sepsis and the translation of new knowledge to clinical trials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, The Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Claudia C. dos Santos MSc, MD, FRCPC

  2. St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Bond Wing, Room 4-008, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Claudia C. dos Santos MSc, MD, FRCPC

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  1. Claudia C. dos Santos MSc, MD, FRCPC
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Correspondence to Claudia C. dos Santos MSc, MD, FRCPC .

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  1. Department of "Scienze della Salute", University of Milan, Director of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Services , ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy

    Davide Chiumello

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dos Santos, C.C. (2017). Stem Cells and Their Immunomodulatory Potential for the Treatment of ARDS. In: Chiumello, D. (eds) Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41852-0_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41852-0_17

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