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Genomic Markers in ER-Negative Breast Cancer

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Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer

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Abstract

In this chapter, we will cover the role and value of genomic markers in the ER-negative subset of breast cancer. Such genomic markers encompass several different types of molecular alterations. The markers may represent proteins that can be detected by immunohistochemistry, as for example the progesterone receptor (PR), the androgen receptor (AR), or HER2. Other types of genomic markers included in this overview are markers based on gene expression data obtained from profiling breast tumor mRNA or small RNAs, as well as respective genomic tests based on such expression profiles. Furthermore, mutations in cancer genes, either hereditary or somatic, will also be covered in this chapter because of their potential prognostic and predictive value. Those mutations may represent single altered genes or mutational patterns or structural variations that have been identified through recent whole genome sequencing efforts. Regarding the value of genomic markers in ER-negative breast cancer, we distinguish between risk factors for cancer susceptibility on the one hand, and factors with prognostic or predictive value on the other. Finally, we discuss the important but complex role that immune infiltration may have in ER-negative breast cancer . What we do not cover however, are standard clinicopathologic factors, such as histopathological grading or age, which undoubtedly also have an important prognostic role in addition to the genomic markers discussed here.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany

    Thomas Karn

  2. Yale School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208032, New Haven, CT, 06520-8032, USA

    Christos Hatzis

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  1. Thomas Karn
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  2. Christos Hatzis
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Correspondence to Christos Hatzis .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

    Sunil Badve

  2. Indiana University School of Medicine, Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

    Yesim Gökmen-Polar

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Karn, T., Hatzis, C. (2016). Genomic Markers in ER-Negative Breast Cancer. In: Badve, S., Gökmen-Polar, Y. (eds) Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41761-5_19

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