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Peripheral Innervation of Neuroendocrine-Immune System: The Challenges to Change a Physiological Paradigm

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Ma Vie en Noir

Part of the book series: Springer Biographies ((SPRINGERBIOGS))

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Abstract

Based on the idea that the only functionally relevant innervation of the pineal came from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), at one time (and still today) pinealectomy and the removal of the SCG (called a superior cervical ganglionectomy) were considered interchangeably as acting via the suppression of pineal melatonin synthesis. However, the neuroendocrine outcome of these procedures is not identical. The neuroendocrine relevance of the SCG is underlined by the number of endocrine, neuroendocrine, and immune structures found in its territory, including, in addition to the pineal, the thyroid and parathyroid glands, carotid body, the pituitary gland, median eminence, and choroid plexus. Studies supporting the existence of such a peripheral channel of communication in the hypothalamic–pituitary, thyroid, and parathyroid responses to stress are reviewed. The final part of the chapter deals with the submaxillary lymph nodes as an experimental model to assess the participation of the autonomic nervous system and melatonin in circadian modulation of the immune response. The clinical implications of the biphasic immune effect of melatonin, that is, increasing immune responses in basal or immunodepressed conditions and decreasing them in inflammatory disorders, are discussed.

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  1. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Univ Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Daniel Pedro Cardinali

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Cardinali, D.P. (2016). Peripheral Innervation of Neuroendocrine-Immune System: The Challenges to Change a Physiological Paradigm. In: Ma Vie en Noir. Springer Biographies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41679-3_7

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