Abstract
Retention of the after-coming head refers to the rare situation in which there is difficulty in extracting the fetal head in vaginal breech delivery (Fig. 4.1). The incidence of breech presentation in labour varies according to gestational age, from about 23 % at 28 weeks to 3–4 % at term. The latter incidence depends also on local practices for the promotion of external cephalic version. The number of vaginal breech deliveries complicated by retention of the after-coming head is largely dependent on local policies of case selection for elective caesarean section. Footling or knee presentations, fetuses with estimated birth weights above 3800 g or below 1500 g and those with extended heads are common indications for caesarean section, but criteria may vary between centres. Some studies report retention of the after-coming head to occur in as much as 10 % of vaginal breeches, but the criteria used for the diagnosis are questionable.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Suggested Reading
Collea JV (1981) The intrapartum management of breech presentation. Clin Perinatol 8:173
Gimovsky ML, Petrie RJ (1989) The intrapartum management of breech presentation. Clin Perinatol 16:975
Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hewson SA, Hodnett ED, Saigal S, Willan AR, for the Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group (2000) Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. Lancet 356:1375–1383
Hickok DE, Gordon DC, Milberg JA et al (1992) The frequency of breech presentation by gestational age at birth: a large population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166:851
Mukhopadhyay S, Arulkumaran S (2002) Breech delivery. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 16:31–42
Myers SA, Gleicher N (1987) Breech delivery: why the dilemma? Am J Obstet Gynaecol 156:6–10
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2006) Practice guideline no. 20b. The management of breech presentation. RCOG Press, London
Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (2009) Practice guideline no 226. Vaginal delivery of breech presentation. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 31(6):557–566
Westrgren M, Grundsell H, Ingemarson I et al (1981) Hyperextension of the fetal head in breech presentation: a study with long-term follow-up. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 88:101
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ayres-de-Campos, D. (2017). Retention of the After-Coming Head. In: Obstetric Emergencies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41656-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41656-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41654-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-41656-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)