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Energy Balance, Epigenetics, and Prostate Cancer

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Epigenetics, Energy Balance, and Cancer

Part of the book series: Energy Balance and Cancer ((EBAC,volume 11))

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Abstract

While many genetic alterations have been demonstrated in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, epigenetic modifications resulting from positive energy balance may play an important role in mediating gene-nutrient interactions that promote the initial development and later progression of this very common form of cancer. Latent prostate cancer incidence increases with aging and is found in 80 % of men aged 80. Among middle-aged men in industrialized nations eating a Western diet, aging increases the incidence of sarcopenia and abdominal/visceral obesity and is commonly associated with increases in insulin-like growth factor 1, inflammatory cytokines, and increased estrogen/androgen ratios. Therefore, the prostate gland is exposed to environmental and endogenous stresses with aging, related to a state of positive energy balance, increasing adiposity, and inflammation. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression in prostate cancer, secondary to positive energy balance and epigenetic modifications, can mediate gene–nutrient interactions in the prostate. The loss of expression of Glutathione-S-Transferase-π 1 (GSTP1) occurs in 90 % of prostate tumors via methylation of CpG islands in its promoter. Soy and green tea polyphenols have been shown to modify prostate tumor epigenetics. Balanced nutritional interventions combined with antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables together with aerobic and resistance exercise should be examined with regard to their effects on the epigenetics of prostate cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 900 Veteran Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1742, USA

    David Heber M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.S.N., Susanne M. Henning Ph.D. & Zhaoping Li M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. David Heber M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.S.N.
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  2. Susanne M. Henning Ph.D.
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  3. Zhaoping Li M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to David Heber M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.S.N. .

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  1. Center for Science, Health & Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Nathan A. Berger

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Heber, D., Henning, S.M., Li, Z. (2016). Energy Balance, Epigenetics, and Prostate Cancer. In: Berger, N. (eds) Epigenetics, Energy Balance, and Cancer. Energy Balance and Cancer, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41610-6_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41610-6_10

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