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Celastrol and Its Role in Controlling Chronic Diseases

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Anti-inflammatory Nutraceuticals and Chronic Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 928))

Abstract

Celastrol, a triterpenoid derived from traditional Chinese medicinal plants, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Celastrol has shown preventive/therapeutic effects in experimental models of several chronic diseases. These include, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis), neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), atherosclerosis, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Celastrol modulates intricate cellular pathways and networks associated with disease pathology, and it interrupts or redirects the aberrant cellular and molecular events so as to limit disease progression and facilitate recovery, where feasible. The major cell signaling pathways modulated by celastrol include the NF-kB pathway, MAPK pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, celastrol modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, proteasome activity, heat-shock protein response, innate and adaptive immune responses, angiogenesis, and bone remodeling. Current understanding of the mechanisms of action of celastrol and information about its disease-modulating activities in experimental models have set the stage for testing celastrol in clinical studies as a therapeutic agent for several chronic human diseases.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Hua Yu, Dr. Brian Astry, Dr. Siddaraju Nanjundaiah, Dr. Rajesh Rajaiah, and Dr. Li Tong for their contribution to the original studies based on celastrol as well as for their helpful discussions.

Funding

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) Grant Number AT004321.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite-380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Shivaprasad H. Venkatesha & Kamal D. Moudgil

  2. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Kamal D. Moudgil

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  1. Shivaprasad H. Venkatesha
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  2. Kamal D. Moudgil
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Correspondence to Kamal D. Moudgil .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Subash Chandra Gupta

  2. MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA

    Sahdeo Prasad

  3. Anti-Inflammation Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA

    Bharat B. Aggarwal

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Venkatesha, S.H., Moudgil, K.D. (2016). Celastrol and Its Role in Controlling Chronic Diseases. In: Gupta, S., Prasad, S., Aggarwal, B. (eds) Anti-inflammatory Nutraceuticals and Chronic Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 928. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_12

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