Abstract
While sighted mathematicians have long accepted the need for a uniform way of writing math, the situation amongst the blind is different: Rather than standardising, the tradition has been to develop language-, country- or even institution-specific codes for expressing math in Braille in addition to the national Braille codes for literary Braille. Using the RoboBraille service as a foundation, the paper describes an automated and flexible system that can shred, transcribe and reassemble documents containing math into Braille. Using existing components, the Braille Math extension to RoboBraille enables Braille readers to mix and match amongst supported national Braille codes and Braille math regimes, including Braille math systems like Nemeth and Marburg, and mainstream formats such as LaTeX and MathML. Finally, the paper discusses how the system may be enhanced to handle charts, graphs and tables.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ISO 80000-2:2009 Quantities and units - Part 2: Mathematical signs and symbols to be used in the natural sciences and technology. ISO (2009)
Miesenberger, K., Batusic, M., Heumader, P., Stöger, B.: MathInBraille online converter. In: Miesenberger, K., Karshmer, A., Penaz, P., Zagler, W. (eds.) ICCHP 2012, Part I. LNCS, vol. 7382, pp. 196–203. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Batusic, M., Miesenberger, K., Stöger, B.: Labradoor, a contribution to making mathematics accessible for the blind. In: Edwards, A., Arato, A., Zagler, W. (eds.) ICCHP 1998. Springer, Berlin (1998)
BraMaNet: http://handy.univ-lyon1.fr/MH/bramanet/bramanet.php
Crombie, D., Lenoir, R., McKenzie, N.R., Barker, A.: math2braille: opening access to mathematics. In: Miesenberger, K., Klaus, J., Zagler, W.L., Burger, D. (eds.) ICCHP 2004. LNCS, vol. 3118, pp. 670–677. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Gopal, D., Wang, Q., Gupta, G., Chitnis, S., Guo, H., Karshmer, Arthur I.: Winsight: towards completely automatic backtranslation of Nemeth code. In: Stephanidis, C. (ed.) HCI 2007. LNCS, vol. 4556, pp. 309–318. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Christensen, L.B.: RoboBraille – automated braille translation by means of an e-mail robot. In: Miesenberger, K., Klaus, J., Zagler, W.L., Karshmer, A.I. (eds.) ICCHP 2006. LNCS, vol. 4061, pp. 1102–1109. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Christensen, L.B.: Multilingual two-way braille translation. In: Klaus, J., et al. (eds.) Interdisciplinary Aspects on Computers Helping People with Special Needs, Österreichische Computer Gesellschaft/R. Oldenbourg Wien München (1996)
LibLouis: http://www.liblouis.org
Archambault, D., et al.: UMCL: https://sourceforge.net/projects/umcl
fMath: http://www.fmath.info
Portable Embosser Format (PEF): http://pef-format.org
Jamar, M.: Conversion of Mathematical Documents into Braille. Masaryk University, Faculty of Informatics (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cosma, V.P., Stevns, T., Christensen, L.B. (2016). Braille Math Extension to RoboBraille. In: Miesenberger, K., Bühler, C., Penaz, P. (eds) Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9758. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41264-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41264-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41263-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-41264-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)