Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fundamentals of Chalcogenides in Crystalline, Amorphous, and Nanocrystalline Forms

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Applications of Chalcogenides: S, Se, and Te

Abstract

Chalcogens are Group 16 elements of the periodic table finding applications in a range of devices such as computer memories, telecommunications, chemical sensors, photo-detectors, and ionic sensors (Fig. 1.1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. A. Owens, A. Peacock, Compound semiconductor radiation detectors. Nucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. 531(p), 18–37 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. T.E. Schlesinger, J.E. Toney, H. Yoon, E.Y. Lee, B.A. Brunett, L. Franks, R.B. James, Cadmium zinc telluride and its use as a nuclear radiation detector material. Mater. Sci. Eng. 32, 103 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. P.N. Luke, M. Amman, 15th International Workshop on Room-temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors, San Diego, CA, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  4. J.A. Peters, Z. Liu, B.W. Wessels, I. Androulakis, C.P. Sebastien, H. Li, M.G. Kanatzidis, Alkali metal chalcogenides for radiation detection. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1341, 133–138 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. A.D. Andreev, A.A. Lipovski, Phys. Rev. B 59, 15402 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. H. Du, C. Chen, R. Krishnan, T.D. Krauss, J.M. Harold, F.W. Wise, M.G. Thomas, J. Silox, Nano Lett. 2, 1321 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. B.W. Wehrenberg, C. Wang, P. Guyot-Sionnest, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 10634 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J.M. Petryga, R.D. Schaller, D. Werder, M.H. Stewan, V.I. Klimov, J.A. Hollingsworth, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 11752 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. R.D. Schaller, V.I. Klimov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 186601–1 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. R.D. Schaller, M.A. Petruska, V.I. Klimov, J. Phys. Chem. 107, 13765 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. V.I. Klimov, A.A. Mikhailovsky, S. Xu, A. Malko, J.A. Hollingsworth, C.A. Leatherdale, H.J. Eisler, M.G. Bawendi, Science 290, 314 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. F.W. Wise, Acc. Chem. Res. 33, 773 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. T.D. Krauss, F.W. Wise, D.B. Tanner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1376 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. T.D. Krauss, F.W. Wise, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 5102 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. I. Kang, F.W. Wise, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1632 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Olkhovets, R.-C. Hsu, A. Lipovskii, F.W. Wise, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3539 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. N.F. Borrelli, D.W. Smith, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 180, 25 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Lipovskii, E. Kolobkova, V. Petrikov, I. Kang, A. Olkhovets, T.D. Krauss, M. Thomas, J. Silcox, F.W. Wise, Q. Shen, S. Kycia, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3406 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. N.F. Mott, Adv. Physiol. Educ. 16, 49 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. Nwachuku, M. Kuhn, Appl. Phys. Letts. 12, 163 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Kastner, Bonding bands, lone pair bands, and impurity states in chalcogenide semiconductors. Phys. Rev. Letts. 28(6), 355 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. R.A. Zingaro, W.C. Cooper (eds.), Selenium (Litton Educational Publishing, New York, 1974), p. 25. and 174–217

    Google Scholar 

  23. L.I. Berger, Semiconductor Materials (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997), p. 86

    Google Scholar 

  24. Q. Lu, F. Gao, S. Komarneni, Chem. Mater. 18, 159 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. B. Gates, Y. Yin, Y. Xia, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 12582 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Xiong, B. Xi, W. Wang, C. Wang, L. Fei, H. Zhou, Y. Qian, Cryst. Growth Des. 6, 1711 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Y. Ma, L. Qi, W. Shen, J. Ma, Langmuir 21, 6161 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Z. Wang, L. Wang, H. Wang, Cryst. Growth Des. 8, 4415 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Q. Lu, F. Gao, S. Komarneni, Langmuir 21, 6002 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. J. Hu, T.W. Odom, C.M. Lieber, Acc. Chem. Res. 32, 435 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. R.I. Baitser, V.V. Vainberg, S.S. Varshava, J. Phys. IV 6, C3–429 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  32. B. Mayers, G. Byron, Y. Yin, Y. Xia, Adv. Mater. 13, 1380 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. M.S. Bakshi, V.S. Jaswal, G. Kaur, T.W. Simpson, P.K. Banipal, T.S. Banipal, F. Possmayer, N.O. Petersen, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 9121 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. T.W. Smith, S.D. Smith, S.S. Badesha, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 7247 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics (John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Y.M. Yiu, M.W. Murphy, L. Liu, Y. Hu, T.K. Sham, AIP Conf. Proc. 1590, 26 (2014), M.W. Murphy, M.J. Ward, L. Liu, Y.M. Yiu, Y. Hu, J.A. Zapien, T.K. Sham, Examination of the electronic and optical properties of CdSxSe1−x nanostructures by XANES, XEOL and DFT, J. Appl. Phys. 116, 193709 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  37. A.D. Becke, E.R. Johnson, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 221101 (2006). doi:10.1063/1.2213970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. M.V. Yakusheva, A.V. Mudryib, V.F. Gremenokb, V.B. Zalesskic, P.I. Romanovc, Y.V. Feofanova, R.W. Martina, R.D. Tomlinson, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 64, 2005–2009 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. M. Popescu, Non-crystalline solids, past, present, future. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352(9–20), 887–891 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. F. Serdouk, M.L. Benkhedir, Physica B 459(122) (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  41. M.L. Benkhedir, M. Brinza, G.J. Adriaenssens, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 16, S5253 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. S. Chand, G.D. Sharma, R.C. Batheja, S. Chandra, Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 1915 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. R.W.G. Wyckoff, Crystal Structures, vol. 1–6 (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1963–1971)

    Google Scholar 

  44. P.W. Anderson, Absence of diffusion in certain random lattices. Phys. Rev. 109(5), 1492–1505 (1958)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. M.H. Brodsky, Amorphous Semiconductors (Springer Verlag, New York, 1985), p. 54

    Book  Google Scholar 

  46. M.H. Cohen, H. Fritzsche, S.R. Ovshinsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 22, 1063 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. N.F. Mott, E.A. Davis, R.A. Street, Philos. Mag. 32, 961 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. N.F. Mott, Philos. Mag. 34, 1101 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. P.W. Anderson, Model for the electronic structure of amorphous semiconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 34(15), 14 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. D. Vanderbilt, J.D. Joannopoulos, Theory of defect states in glassy selenium. Phys. Rev. B 22, 2927 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  51. V.G. Zhdanov, B.T. Kolomiets, V.M. Lyubin, V.K. Malinowsky, Phys. Status Sol. A 52, 621 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. K. Shimakawa, A. Kolobov, S.R. Elliott, Adv. Physiol. Educ. 44, 475 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  53. M. Cardona, in Semiconductors and Semimetals, ed. by R.K. Williardson, A.C. Beer (Academic Press, New York, 1967), p. 3

    Google Scholar 

  54. G. Juska, K. Arlauskas, Phys. Status Sol. A 59, 389 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. K. Tanioka, J. Yamazaki, K. Shidara, K. Taketoshi, T. Kawamura, S. Ishioka, K. Takasaki, IEEE Electron. Dev. Lett. EDL-8, 388 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  56. K. Tsuji, T. Ohshima, T. Hirai, N. Gotoh, K. Tanioka, K. Shidara, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 219, 507 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. F. Okano, J. Kumada, K. Tanioka, SMPTE J. 99, 612 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. N. Hindley, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 5, 31 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. K. Tsuji, Y. Takasaki, T. Hirai, K. Taketoshi, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 114, 94 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. D. Hunt, S. Kirby, L. Rowlands, Med. Phys. 29, 2464 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. S. Kasap, J.A. Rowlands, S.D. Baranovskii, K. Tanioka, J. Appl. Phys. 96, 2037 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. K. Tanioka, J. Yamazaki, K. Shidara, K. Taketoshi, T. Hirai, Y. Takasaki, Adv. Electron. Electron. Phys. 74, 379 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. S. Kasap, J. Rowlands, K. Tanioka, A. Nathan, in Charge Transport in Disordered Solids, ed. by S. Baranovskii (Wiley, Chichester, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  64. S.M. Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 2nd edn. (Wiley, New York, 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  65. B.K. Ridley, Lucky-drift mechanism for impact ionization in semiconductors. J. Phys. C 16, 3373–3388 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. K. Jandieri, O. Rubel, S.D. Baranovskii, A. Reznik, J.A. Rowlands, S.O. Kasap, Lucky-drift model for impact ionization in amorphous Semiconductors”. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 20, S221–S225 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Y.G. Vlassov, E.A. Bychkov, Ion-Sel. Electrode Rev. 9, 5 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Y.G. Vlassov, E.A. Bychkov, Sens. Actuators 12, 275 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Y.G. Vlassov, E.A. Bychkov, B.L. Seleznev, Sens. Actuators B 2, 23 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Y.G. Vlassov, E.A. Bychkov, A.M. Medvedev, Anal. Chim. Acta 185, 137 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. A.E. Owen, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 35–36, 999 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. N. Tohge, M. Tanaka, Chalcogenide glass electrodes sensitive to heavy metal ions. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 80, 550–556 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Y.G. Vlasov, E.A. Bychkov, Ion-selective chalcogenide glass electrodes. Ion sel. Electrode Rev. 9(1), 5–93 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  74. J.H. Christensen, P. Clemmensen, G.H. Hansen, K. Lilcorp, J. Mortensen, Response characteristics and applications of chalcogenide glass Cr (VI) selective electrode. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 45(3), 239–243 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. M. Miloshova, E. Bychkov, V. Tsegelnik, V. Strykanov, H. Klewe-Nebenius, M. Bruns, W. Hoffman, P. Papet, J. Saradin, A. Padel, M. Ribes, Tracer and surface spectroscopy studies of sensitive mechanism of mercury ion chalcogenide glass sensors. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 57(1–3), 171–178 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. C.E. Koenig, E.W. Grabner, Electroanalysis 7(11), 1090 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. P.G. Protasova, Phys. Chem. Glasses 16(5), 831 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  78. Y.G. Vlasov, E.A. Bychkov, Ion-Sel. Electrode Rev. 9, 3 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Y.G. Vlasov, E.A. Bychkov, A.V. Legin, Electrokhimia 21, 1444 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Y.G. Vlasov, E.A. Bychkov, A.D. Safarov, P.P. Antonov, M.S. Miloshova, Zh. Anal. Khim. 40(8), 1438 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  81. J. Koryta, K. Stulik, in Ion-Selective Electrodes, ed. by O.M. Petruhin (Mir, Moscow, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  82. R.K. Christova, V.D. Simeonov, in Potentiometry, ed. by S. Stanislavova (Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia, 1984)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Y.G. Vlasov, Fresen. Z. Anal. Chem. 335, 92 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Y.G. Vlasov, E.A. Bychkov, Anal. Lett. 22(5), 1125 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Y.G. Vlasov, A.V. Legin, A.M. Rudnitskaya, Zh. Anal. Khim 52(8), 837 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  86. X. Gao, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, Adv. Mater. 14, 290 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. (a) I. Rosenfield, O.A. Beath, Selenium: Geotoxicity, Biochemistry, Toxicity and Nutrition (Academic Press, New York, 1964); (b) A. Bock, in Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 7, ed. by R. Bruce-King (Wiley, New York, 1994), p. 3700; (c) G. Mugesh, W. du Mont, H. Sies, Chem. Rev. 101, 2125 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  88. C. Ip, Selenium inhibition of chemical carcenogenesis. Fed. Proc. 44, 2573–2578 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  89. L.C. Clark, G.F. Combs Jr., B.W. Turnbull et al., Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of skin; a randomized controlled trial. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 276, 1957–1963 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. F. Sieber, J. Daziano, W.H. Gunther, M. Krieg, K. Miyagi, R.W. Sampson, M.D. Ostrowski, G.S. Anderson, I. Tsujino, R.J. Bula, Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. 180, 647 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. (a) D.C. Carter, X.J. Ho, Adv. Protein Chem. 45, 153 (1994); (b) A. Papadopoulos, R.J. Green, R.A.J. Frazier, Agric. Food. Chem. 53, 158 (2005); (c) C. Honda, H. Kamizono, T. Samejima, K. Endo, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48, 464 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  92. T. Peters Jr., All About Albumin: Biochemistry, Genetics, and Medical Applications (Academic Press, San Diego, 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  93. (a) K. Murayama, M. Tomida, Biochemistry 43, 11526 (2004); (b) S. Baier, D.J. McClements, J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 2600 (2001); (c) Y. Moriyama, K. Takeda, Langmuir 21, 5524 (2005); (d) V. Militello, V. Vetri, M. Leone, Biophys. Chem. 105, 133 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  94. A.V. Hippel, J. Chem. Phys. 16, 372 (1948)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. B. Mishra, P.A. Hassan, K.I. Priyadarsini, H. Mohan, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 12718 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Z.U. Borisova, Chalcogenide Semiconductive Glasses (Publ. National University of Leningrad, Leningrad, 1983), p. 242

    Google Scholar 

  97. G.F. Combs, L. Lu, Selenium as a cancer preventive agent, in Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health, ed. by D.L. Hatfield (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2001), pp. 205–217

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  98. M.A. Beck, Selenium as an antiviral agent, in Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health, ed. by D.L. Hatfield (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2001), pp. 235–245

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  99. R.J. Coppinger, A.M. Diamond, Selenium deficiency and human disease, in Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health, ed. by D.L. Hatfield (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2001), pp. 219–233

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  100. M.K. Baum, A. Campa, M.J. Miguez-Burbano, X. Burbano, G. Shor-Posner, Role of selenium in HIV/AIDS, in Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health, ed. by D.L. Hatfield (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2001), pp. 247–255

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  101. J. Kohrle, The deiodinase family: selenoenzymes regulating thyroid hormone availability and action. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 57, 1853–1863 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. R.C. McKenzie, T.S. Rafferty, G.J. Beckett, J.R. Arthur, Effects of selenium on immunity and aging”, in Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health, ed. by D.L. Hatfield (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2001), pp. 257–272

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  103. L. Flohé, R. Brigelius-Flohé, M. Maiorino, A. Roveri, J. Wissing, F. Ursini, Selenium and male reproduction, in Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health, ed. by D.L. Hatfield (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2001), pp. 273–281

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  104. V.N. Gladyshev, Selenium in biology and human health: controversies and perspectives, in Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health, ed. by D.L. Hatfield (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2001), pp. 313–317

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  105. H.J. Thompson, Role of low molecular weight, selenium-containing compounds in human health, in Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health, ed. by D.L. Hatfield (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 2001), pp. 283–297

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  106. V.N. Gladyshev, G.V. Kryukov, Evolution of selenocysteine-containing proteins: significance of identification and functional characterization of selenoproteins. Biofactors 14, 87–92 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics College of The North Atlantic, Materials and Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Labrador West Campus, 1600 Nichols Adam Highway, Labrador City, A2V 0B8, NL, Canada

    Gurinder Kaur Ahluwalia Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Gurinder Kaur Ahluwalia Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gurinder Kaur Ahluwalia Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Materials and Nanotechnology Research Laboratory Department of Physics, College of The North Atlantic, Labrador City, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

    Gurinder Kaur Ahluwalia

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ahluwalia, G.K. (2017). Fundamentals of Chalcogenides in Crystalline, Amorphous, and Nanocrystalline Forms. In: Ahluwalia, G. (eds) Applications of Chalcogenides: S, Se, and Te. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41190-3_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation