Skip to main content

The Value of a Behavioral Analysis of Language for Autism Treatment

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Comprehensive Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder Treatment

Abstract

The Applied Behavior Analysis/Verbal Behavior (ABA/VB) model has strong foundations in the work of B. F. Skinner. A thorough historical background of the intervention approach as a basis for explaining the conceptual underpinnings and foundational aspects of ABA/VB is presented. The focus of this model relies heavily on the systematic development of functional communication skills in a sequence that draws heavily from research on human development. The ABA/VB approach also seeks to reduce language, learning, and social barriers that can interfere with the development of these skills. This chapter provides an analysis of speaker and listener behavior and outlines the foundational elements that evoke mands, tacts, and intraverbals with suggested applications. The comprehensive Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP) is also outlined, which is an assessment tool of 170 milestones across 16 language, play, and social domains that are developmentally matched to the expectations for typical children. There is also assessment of 24 language, learning, and social barriers that could impede progress, as well as a transition assessment to determine what educational format might be most beneficial to a child. Examples of the use of such assessments and implementation of the approach are summarized in detail, along with the evidence base that supports the ABA/VB approach.

The author would like to thank Cindy Sundberg for her comments on earlier versions of this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alessi, G. (1987). Generative strategies and teaching for generalization. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 5, 15–27.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Axe, J. B. (2008). Conditional discrimination in the intraverbal relation: A review and recommendations for future research. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 24, 159–174.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ayllon, T., & Azrin, N. H. (1968). The token economy: A motivational system for therapy and rehabilitation. New York: Appleton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayllon, T., & Michael, J. (1959). The psychiatric nurse as a behavioral engineer. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2, 323–334.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barbera, M. L., & Rasmussen, T. (2007). The verbal behavior approach. London: Jessica Kingsley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bijou, S. W., & Baer, D. M. (1961). Child development I: A systematic and empirical theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bijou, S. W., & Baer, D. M. (1965). Child development II: Universal stage of infancy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bijou, S. W., & Baer, D. M. (1967). Child development III: Readings in the experimental analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braam, S. J., & Poling, A. (1983). Development of intraverbal behavior in mentally retarded individuals through transfer of stimulus control procedures: Classification of verbal responses. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 4, 279–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. (1973). A first language: The early stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R., Cazden, C., & Bellugi, U. (1969). The child’s grammar from I to III. In J. P. Hill (Ed.), The 1967 symposium on child psychology (pp. 28–73). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruner, J. S. (1983). Child’s talk. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carbone, V. J. (2013). The establishing operation and teaching verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 29, 45–49.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, E. G., & Durand, V. M. (1985). Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 111–126.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, J. E., & Firth, A. M. (2005). The verbal behavior approach to early and intensive behavioral intervention for autism: A call for additional empirical support. Journal of Early and Intensive Behavioral Intervention, 2, 18–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, J. E., & Petursdottir, A. I. (2011). A review of recommendations for sequencing receptive and expressive language instruction. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44, 859–876.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Causin, K. G., Albert, K. M., Carbone, V. J., & Sweeney-Kerwin, E. J. (2013). The role of joint control in teaching listener responding to children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7, 997–1011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. The Hague: Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N. (1959). Review of B. F. Skinner’s verbal behavior. Language, 35, 26–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeGraaf, A., & Schlinger, H. (2012). The effect of joint control training on the acquisition and durability of a sequencing task. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 28, 59–71.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, D. M. (2007). Peabody picture vocabulary test (4th ed.). San Antonio, TX: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eikeseth, S., & Smith, T. (1992). The development of functional and equivalence classes in high-functioning autistic children: The role of naming. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 58, 123–133.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Eikeseth, S., & Smith, D. P. (2013). An analysis of verbal stimulus control in intraverbal behavior: Implications for practice and applied research. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 29, 125–135.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Eikeseth, S., Smith, T., Jahr, E., & Eldevik, S. (2002). Intensive behavioral treatment at school for 4–7-year-old children with autism: A 1-year comparison controlled study. Behavior Modification, 2002, 49–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Endicott, K., & Higbee, T. S. (2007). Contriving motivating operations to evoke mands for information in preschoolers with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1, 210–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esch, B. E., LaLonde, K. B., & Esch, J. W. (2010). Speech and language assessment: A verbal behavior analysis. The Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis, 5, 166–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferster, C. B. (1961). Positive reinforcement and behavioral deficits of autistic children. Child Development, 32, 437–456.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferster, C. B., & DeMyer, M. K. (1962). A method for the experimental analysis of the autistic child. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 32, 89–98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gamba, J., Goyos, C., & Petursdottir, A. I. (2015). The functional independence of mands and tacts: Has it been demonstrated empirically? The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 31, 10–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghezzi, P. M. (2010). In memoriam: Sidney W. Bijou. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43, 175–179.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith, T. R., LeBlanc, L. A., & Sautter, R. A. (2007). Teaching intraverbal behavior to children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greer, R. D., & Koehane, D. (2005). The evolution of verbal behavior in children. Behavioral Development, 1, 31–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greer, R. D., & Ross, D. E. (2007). Verbal behavior analysis. New York: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greer, R. D., Yuan, L., & Gautreaux, G. (2005). Novel dictation and intraverbal responses as a function of a multiple exemplar history. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 21, 99–116.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, G. A., & Sundberg, M. L. (1987). Teaching mands by manipulating conditioned establishing operations. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 5, 41–53.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, B., & Risley, T. R. (1975). Incidental teaching of language in the preschool. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 8, 411–420.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hedge, H. M. (2010). Language and grammar: A behavioral analysis. The Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis, 5, 90–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horne, P. J., Hughes, J. C., & Lowe, C. F. (2006). Naming and categorization in young children: IV: Listener behavior training and transfer of function. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 85, 247–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horne, P. J., & Lowe, C. F. (1996). On the origins of naming and other symbolic behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 65, 185–241.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Horne, P. J., Lowe, C. F., & Randle, V. R. L. (2004). Naming and categorization in young children: II. Listener behavior training. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 81, 267–288.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, J. S., Sparkman, C. R., Cohen, H. G., Green, G., & Stanislaw, H. (2005). A comparison of intensive behavior analytic and eclectic treatments for young children with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 26, 359–383.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ingvarsson, E. T., & Duy, D. L. (2011). Further evaluation of prompting tactics for establishing intraverbal responding in children with autism. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 27, 75–93.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kobari-Wright, V. V., & Miguel, C. F. (2014). The effects of listener training on the emergence of categorization and speaker behavior in children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 47, 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., O’Dell, M. C., & Koegel, L. K. (1987). A natural language paradigm for teaching autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 17, 187–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lechago, S. A., Carr, J. E., Grow, L. L., Love, J. R., & Almason, S. M. (2010). Mands for information generalize across establishing operations. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43, 381–395.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, V. L. (1981). Prepositional phrases spoken and heard. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 35, 227–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovaas, O. I. (1977). The autistic child: Language development through behavior modification. New York: Irvington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovaas, O. I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 3–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lovaas, O. I. (2003). Teaching individuals with developmental delays. Austin TX: Pro-ed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowe, C. F., Horne, P. J., & Hughes, J. C. (2005). Naming and categorization in young children: III. Vocal tact training and transfer of function. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 83, 47–65.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lowenkron, B. (1984). Coding responses and the generalization of matching to sample in children. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 42, 1–18.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lowenkron, B. (1988). Generalization of delayed identity matching in retarded children. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50, 163–172.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lowenkron, B. (1989). Instructional control of generalized relational matching to sample in children. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 52, 293–309.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lowenkron, B. (1991). Joint control and the generalization of selection-based verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 9, 121–126.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lowenkron, B. (1998). Some logical functions of joint control. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 69, 327–354.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lowenkron, B. (2006). Joint control and the selection of stimuli from their description. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 22, 129–151.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Luciano, C. (1986). Acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of productive intraverbal behavior through transfer of stimulus control procedures. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 7, 1–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luke, M. M., & Carr, J. E. (2015). The analysis of verbal behavior: A status update. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 31, 153–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malott, R. W., & Shane, J. T. (2013). Principles of behavior (7th ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G. L., & Pear, J. J. (2015). Behavior modification: What is it and how to do it (10th ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurice, C., Green, G., & Luce, S. C. (1996). Behavior interventions for young children with autism. Austin, TX: Pro-ed.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGreevy, P., Fry, T., & Cornwall, C. (2012). Essentials for living. Winter Park, FL: Patrick McGreevy.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeill, D. (1970). The acquisition of language. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyerson, L., & Michael, J. (1964). Assessment of hearing by operant conditioning. In Report of the proceedings of the international congress on education of the deaf (pp. 237–242). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michael, J. (1982). Skinner’s elementary verbal relations: Some new categories. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 1, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michael, J. (1984). Verbal behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 42, 363–376.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Michael, J. (1985). Two kinds of verbal behavior plus a possible third. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 3, 1–4.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Michael, J. (1988). Establishing operations and the mand. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 6, 3–9.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Michael, J. (2004). Concepts and principles of behavior analysis (2nd ed.). Kalamazoo, MI: Association for Behavior Analysis International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michael, J. (2007). Motivating operations. In J. O. Cooper, T. E. Heron, & W. L. Heward (Eds.), Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed., pp. 374–391). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michael, J., Palmer, D. C., & Sundberg, M. L. (2011). The multiple control of verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 27, 3–22.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Miguel, C. F., Petursdottir, A. I., Carr, J. E., & Michael, J. (2008). The role of naming in stimulus categorization by preschool children. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 89, 383–405.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Miltenberger, R. G. (2015). Behavior modification: Principles and procedures (6th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Cengage/Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, E. K., Hursh, D. E., Winston, A. S., Gelfand, D. M., Hartmann, D. P., Reese, H. W., & Baer, D. M. (1982). Behavior analysis and developmental psychology. Human Development, 25, 340–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, E. K., Smith, N. G., & Altus, D. E. (2005). B. F. Skinner’s contributions to applied behavior analysis. The Behavior Analyst, 28, 99–131.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • National Standards Project. (2014). Randolph, MA: National Autism Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Normand, M. P. (2009). Much ado about nothing? Some comments on B. F. Skinner’s definition of verbal behavior. The Behavior Analyst, 32, 185–190.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Novak, G., & Pelaez, M. (2004). Child and adolescent development: A behavioral systems approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell, J., & Saunders, K. J. (2003). Equivalence relations in individuals with language limitations and mental retardation. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 80, 131–157.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Oah, S., & Dickinson, A. M. (1989). A review of empirical studies of verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 7, 53–68.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, D. C. (1996). Achieving parity: The role of automatic reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 65, 289–290.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Partington, J. W., & Sundberg, M. L. (1998). The assessment of basic language and learning skills (The ABLLS). Pleasant Hill, CA: Behavior Analysts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Gonzalez, L. A., Cereijo-Blanco, N., & Carnerero, J. J. (2014). Emerging tacts and selections from previous learned skills: A comparison between two types of naming. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 30, 184–192.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Petursdottir, A. I., Peterson, S. P., & Peters, A. C. (2009). A quarter century of the analysis of verbal behavior: An analysis of impact. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 25, 109–121.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children (M. Cook, Trans.). New York: International University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: How the mind creates language. New York: Harper-Collins.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Randell, T., & Remington, B. (1999). Equivalence relations between visual stimuli: The functional role of naming. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 71, 395–415.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, R. (2013). Teaching children with autism: An ABA primer. Lulu Enterprises.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sallows, G. O., & Graupner, T. D. (2005). Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism: Four-year outcome and predictors. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 110, 417–438.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, K. J., & Spradlin, J. E. (1989). Conditional discrimination in mentally retarded adults: The effect of training the component simple discriminations. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 52, 1–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sautter, R. A., & LeBlanc, L. A. (2006). Empirical applications of Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior with humans. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 22, 35–48.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schlinger, H. D., Jr. (1995). A behavior analytic view of child development. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schlinger, H. D., Jr. (2008). Listening is behaving verbally. The Behavior Analyst, 31, 145–161.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schramm, R. (2011). Motivation and reinforcement: Turning the tables on autism. Lulu Enterprises.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shafer, E. (1993). Teaching topography-based and selection-based verbal behavior to developmentally disabled individuals: Some considerations. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 11, 117–133.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shafer, E. (1994). A review of interventions to teach a mand repertoire. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 12, 53–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shillingsburg, M. A., & Valentino, A. L. (2010). Teaching a child with autism to mand for information using “how”. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 27, 179–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidman, M. (1994). Equivalence relations and behavior: A research story. Boston: Authors Cooperative.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidman, M., & Tailby, W. (1982). Conditional discrimination vs. matching to sample: An expansion of the testing paradigm. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37, 23–44.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. New York: Appleton.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Slobin, D. I. (1973). Cognitive prerequisites for the development of grammar. In C. A. Ferguson & D. I. Slobin (Eds.), Studies of child language development (pp. 175–202). New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R., Michael, J., & Sundberg, M. L. (1996). Automatic reinforcement and automatic punishment in infant vocal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 13, 39–48.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Spradlin, J. E. (1963). Assessment of speech and language of retarded children: The Parsons language sample. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders Monograph, 10, 8–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spradlin, J. E. (1966). Environmental factors and the language development of retarded children. In S. Rosenberg (Ed.), Developments in applied psycholinguist research (pp. 261–290). Riverside, NJ: MacMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford, M. W., Sundberg, M. L., & Braam, S. J. (1988). A preliminary investigation of the consequences that define the mand and the tact. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 6, 61–71.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stock, R. A., Schulze, K. A., & Mirenda, P. (2008). A comparison of stimulus-stimulus pairing, standard echoic training, and control procedures, of the vocal behavior of children with autism. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 24, 123–133.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sulzer-Azaroff, B., Mayer, G. R., & Wallace, M. (2013). Behavior analysis for lasting change. Cornwell-on-Hudson, NY: Sloan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, C. T., & Sundberg, M. L. (1990). Comparing topography-based verbal behavior with stimulus selection-based verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 8, 31–41.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L. (1980). Developing a verbal repertoire using sign language and Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Western Michigan University).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L. (1983). Language. In J. L. Matson & S. E. Breuning (Eds.), Assessing the mentally retarded (pp. 285–310). New York: Grune & Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L. (1991). 301 research topics from Skinner’s book verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 9, 81–96.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L. (1993). The application of establishing operations. The Behavior Analyst, 16, 211–214.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L. (2007). Verbal behavior. In J. O. Cooper, T. E. Heron, & W. L. Heward (Eds.), Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed., pp. 526–547). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L. (2008). The verbal behavior milestones assessment and placement program: The VB-MAPP. Concord, CA: AVB Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L. (2013). Thirty points about motivation from Skinner’s book verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 27, 13–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L. (2014). The verbal behavior milestones assessment and placement program: The VB-MAPP (2nd ed.). Concord, CA: AVB Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L. (2015). The most important verbal operant. VB News, 14, 3–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L., Loeb, M., Hale, L., & Eigenheer, P. (2002). Contriving establishing operations to teach mands for information. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 18, 14–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L., & Michael, J. (2001). The benefits of Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior for children with autism. Behavior Modification, 25, 698–724.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L., Michael, J., Partington, J. W., & Sundberg, C. A. (1996). The role of automatic reinforcement in early language acquisition. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 13, 21–37.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L., Michael, J., & Peterson, N. (1977). Sign language: A behavioral analysis and applications. Kalamazoo MI: Western Michigan University Behavioral Monograph #1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L., & Partington, J. W. (1998). Teaching language to children with autism or other developmental disabilities. Concord, CA: AVB Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L., & Partington, J. W. (1999). The need for both discrete trial and natural environment language training for children with autism. In P. M. Ghezzi, W. L. Williams, & J. E. Carr (Eds.), Autism: Behavior analytic perspectives (pp. 139–156). Reno, NV: Context Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. L., & Sundberg, C. A. (2011). Intraverbal behavior and verbal conditional discriminations in typically developing children and children with autism. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 27, 23–43.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Touchette, P. E., & Howard, J. S. (1984). Errorless learning: Reinforcement contingencies and stimulus control transfer in delayed prompting. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 17, 175–188.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Twyman, J. S. (1996). The functional independence of impure mands and tacts of abstract stimulus properties. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 13, 1–19.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, M. E., & Michael, J. (1982). Automatic reinforcement: An important but ignored concept. Behaviorism, 10, 217–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, M. D., Iwata, B. A., & Hanley, G. P. (2006). Establishment of mands after tact training as a function of reinforcement strength. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39, 17–24.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, M. J., & Demiri, V. (2011). Jumpstarting communication skills in children with autism. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, M. M., Risley, T. R., & Mees, H. L. (1964). Application of operant controlling procedures to the behavior problems of an autistic child. Behavior Research and Therapy, 1, 305–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, W. S., & Michael, J. (1977, May). Special interest group: Teachers teaching courses using B. F. Skinner’s book, Verbal Behavior (or, those who would like to). Meeting held at the 3rd Annual Convention of the Midwestern Association for Behavior Analysis, Chicago, IL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wraikat, R., Sundberg, C. T., & Michael, J. (1991). Topography-based and selection-based verbal behavior: A further comparison. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 9, 1–17.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon, S., & Bennett, G. M. (2000). Effects of a stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure on conditioning vocal sounds as reinforcers. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 17, 75–88.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark L. Sundberg Ph.D., B.C.B.A.-D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Sundberg, M.L. (2016). The Value of a Behavioral Analysis of Language for Autism Treatment. In: Romanczyk, R., McEachin, J. (eds) Comprehensive Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder Treatment . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40904-7_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics